Poly wax

Melted (150°C) Poly wax 3000 (PW3000, polyethylene fraction with average molecular weight of 3,000, Baker Petrolite, Inc.) or Ethylflo 164 hydrocarbon oil... 

Effect of Added 1-Hexadecene on the Performance of Cross-Flow Filtration with Poly wax 500/655-Activated Catalyst... 

As discussed, crude cell lysate can contaminate the anion-exchange column resulting in increased backpressure and decreased efficiency. Poly WAX LP (10 x 2.1 mm, 5pm, lOOOA) precolumn is used before the PolyWAX LP column to act as a prefilter because the material is the same as the anion exchanger but is inexpensive. The use of a preguard column extends the lifetime of the anion-exchange column and so can save both time and money. 

Polywate 200, Polywate 325. See Barium sulfate Polywax 400, Polywax 500, Polywax 600 Polywax 655 Polywax 725 Polywax 850 Poly wax 1000 Polywax 2000 Poly wax 3000. See Polyethylene Polywax E-1040. See Polyethylene, oxidized Polywet ND-2 Polywet ND-35 Polywet WTC 6512 Polywet Z-1766. See Sodium polyacrylate... 

Sorbitan sesquioleate emulsions of petrolatum and wax are used as ointment vehicles in skin treatment. In topical appHcations, the inclusion of both sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives modifies the rate of release and promotes the absorption of antibiotics, antiseptics, local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, and other medications from suppositories, ointments, and lotions. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monooleate, also known as Polysorbate 80 (USP 23), has been used to promote absorption of ingested fats from the intestine (245). 

Emulsions of fatty- and petroleum-based substances, both oils and waxes, of the o/w type are made by using blends of sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives. Mixtures of poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and sorbitan monostearate are typical examples of blends used for lotions and creams. Both sorbitan fatty acid esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives are particularly advantageous in cosmetic uses because of their very low skin irritant properties. Sorbitan fatty ester emulsifiers for w/o emulsions of mineral oil are used in hair preparations of both the lotion and cream type. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monolaurate is useflil in shampoo formulations (see Hairpreparations). Poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan surfactants are also used for solubilization of essential oils in the preparation of colognes and after-shave lotions. 

The fabric is desized after the weaving operation and then passed through a heated water bath to remove all the size. The rate at which this operation can be accompHshed depends to a great degree on solubiUty rate of the poly(vinyl alcohol). Difficulties encountered in completely removing the lubricating wax, usually tallow wax, has led to the development of several wax-free size compositions (303—311). The main component contained in these blends is PVA in combination with a small amount of a synthetic water-soluble lubricant. 

A variety of waxy hydrophobic hydrocarbon-based soHd phases are used including fatty acid amides and sulfonamides, hydrocarbon waxes such as montan wax [8002-53-7], and soHd fatty acids and esters. The amides are particularly important commercially. One example is the use of ethylenediamine distearamide [110-30-5] as a component of latex paint and paper pulp blackHquor defoamer (11). Hydrocarbon-based polymers are also used as the soHd components of antifoaming compositions (5) examples include polyethylene [9002-88-4], poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2], and polymeric ion-exchange resins. 

Poly(tetramethylene oxide) polyols (PTMEG) are high performance polyethers that are crystalline waxes at molecular weights above 650 and liquids at lower molecular weights. They are only available as diols, but they produce adhesives with good hydrolysis resistance and moisture resistance, which is why these adhesives are even used in medical devices, blood bags, catheters, and heart-assist devices [25]. Certain thermoplastic polyurethane adhesives and solvent-borne adhesives are also based on PTMEG s. 

Crystalline polyesters are highly important as adhesive raw materials. They are normally crystalline waxes and are highly symmetrical in nature, which can aid the crystallization process [26]. Poly(hexamethylene adipate) and poly(caprolactone), shown in Table 2, are only two of the many crystallizable backbones. Poly(ethylene adipate) and poly(letramethylene adipate) are also commonly used in urethane adhesives. The crystalline polyesters are used in curing hot melts, waterborne polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyurethanes, and solvent-borne urethane adhesives. The adipates are available mostly as diols. The poly(caprolactones) are available as diols and triols. 

Water-soluble poly(p-phenylene), 493 Water reducible materials, 237 WAXS. See Wide-angle x-ray spectroscopy (WAXS)... 

Tsou and Measmer examined the dispersion of organosUicates on two different butyl mbbers, namely BIMS and brominated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) (BIIR) with the help of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and TEM [91]. There is also a patent on BIMS nanocomposites for low permeability and their uses in tire inner tubes [92]. 

By coating poly-a-olefins with a fatty acid wax as a partitioning agent and dispersing it in a long-chain alcohol, a nonagglomerating, nonaqueous suspension can be obtained [918]. 

In an acetone extract from a neoprene/SBR hose compound, Lattimer et al. [92] distinguished dioctylph-thalate (m/z 390), di(r-octyl)diphenylamine (m/z 393), 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-f-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurate m/z 783), hydrocarbon oil and a paraffin wax (numerous molecular ions in the m/z range of 200-500) by means of FD-MS. Since cross-linked rubbers are insoluble, more complex extraction procedures must be carried out (Chapter 2). The method of Dinsmore and Smith [257], or a modification thereof, is normally used. Mass spectrometry (and other analytical techniques) is then used to characterise the various rubber fractions. The mass-spectral identification of numerous antioxidants (hindered phenols and aromatic amines, e.g. phenyl-/ -naphthyl-amine, 6-dodecyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-l,2-dihydroquinoline, butylated bisphenol-A, HPPD, poly-TMDQ, di-(t-octyl)diphenylamine) in rubber extracts by means of direct probe EI-MS with programmed heating, has been reported [252]. The main problem reported consisted of the numerous ions arising from hydrocarbon oil in the recipe. In older work, mass spectrometry has been used to qualitatively identify volatile AOs in sheet samples of SBR and rubber-type vulcanisates after extraction of the polymer with acetone [51,246]. 

The DSC technique enables crystalline materials to be characterised by their melting point. Additives that come into this category include hydrocarbon waxes and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PFTE) lubricant. The presence of PTFE in low friction acetal mouldings can be established from the detection of the PTFE melting endotherm at 320°C. 

Figure 8.2. WAXS curves from semicrystalline and amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Separation of the observed intensity into crystalline, amorphous, and machine background (laboratory goniometer Philips PW 1078, symmetrical-reflection geometry)... 

Figure 8.3. LORENTZ-polarization corrected WAXS curve of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) before and after background subtraction (from PROSA et al. [109]). The authors define q in the way that is identical to the definition of s in this book...

Examples of additives and polymer substrates which could react via [1) would be chlorinated paraffin waxes, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and poly(vinylchloride) or poly(vinylbromide). 

Conversely, vesicants have also been thickened with various substances to enhance deployment, increase their persistency, and increase the risk of percutaneous exposure. Thickeners include polyalkyl methacrylates (methyl, ethyl, butyl, isobutyl), poly(vinyl acetate), polystyrene, plexiglas, alloprene, polychlorinated isoprene, nitrocellulose, as well as bleached montan and lignite waxes. Military thickener K125 is a mixture of methyl, ethyl, and butyl polymethacrylates. When thickened, agents become sticky with a consistency similar to honey. Typically, not enough thickener is added to affect either the color or odor of the agent. 

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