Poly microfluidic device

Hu SW, Ren X, Bachman M, Sims CE, Li GP, Allbritton NL (2002) Surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices by ultraviolet polymer grafting. Anal Chem 74 4117 Hunter RJ (1981) Zeta potential in colloid science. Academic Press, London Jensen KF (2001) Microreaction engineering is small better Chem Eng Sci 56 293... 

Fig. 21 Representative microfluidic device and resulting data from ATRP on a chip a image of a microfluidic device (dimensions 25 mm x 75 mm) fabricated from UV curable thiolene resin between two glass slides b reaction data for ATRP of HPMA synthesized on a chip showing the correlation of flow rate (or residence time) to reaction time and resulting conversion of monomer (M) to polymer (ln([M]o/[M]) c comparison of number average molecular mass (M ) and poly-dispersity for -butyl acrylate prepared in a traditional round bottom flask ( Flask ) and on a chip ( CRP Chip ). (Reproduced with permission from [102])...

Qi, S., X. Liu, S. Ford, J. Barrows, G. Thomas, K. Kelly, A. McCandless, K. Lian, J. Goettert, and S. A. Soper. Microfluidic devices fabricated in poly(methyl methacrylate) using hot-embossing with integrated sampling capillary and fiber optics for fluorescence detection. Lab on a Chip, 2, 88-95 (2002). 

S. Ferko, V. A. VanderNoot, J. A. A. West, R. Crocker, B. Wiedenman, D. Yee, and J. A. Fruetel, Hand-Held Microanalytical Instrument for Chip-Based Electrophoretic Separations of Proteins, Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 435 J. G. E. Gardeniers and A. van den Berg, Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Biomedical and Environmental Monitoring, Anal. Bioanal. Chem 2004,378, 1700 J. C. McDonald and G. M. Whitesides, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a Material for Fabricating Microfluidic Devices, Acc. Chem. Res. 2002,35, 491 Y. Huang,... 

R. Ferrigno, J.N. Lee, X. Jiang and G.M. Whitesides, Potentiometric titrations in a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic device, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004) 2273-2280. 

M. Galloway, W. Stiyjewski, A. Henry, S.M. Ford, S. Llopis, R.L. McCarley and S.A. Soper, Contact conductivity detection in poly(methyl methacylate)-based microfluidic devices for analysis of mono- and polyanionic molecules, Anal. Chem., 74 (2002) 24072415. 

Beider et al. [90] described poly (vinyl alcohol) coated microfluidic devices in NCE for a suppressed electroosmotic flow and improved separation performance of labeled amines. A threefold increase in separation efficiencies was obtained on coated chips. In PVA-coated channels, rinsing or etching steps could be omitted, which are necessary for uncoated devices. Wu et al. [100] described multilayer poly(vinyl alcohol)-adsorbed coating on... 

A series of papers have concerned the incorporation of various sensors into lab-on-a-chip devices with, for example, conductivity measurements being combined with poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices to analyse mixtures of mono- and polyanionic molecules such as proteins [148]. 

McDonald, J.C., Chabinyc, M.L., Metallo, S.J., Anderson, J.R., Stroock, A.D., Whitesides, G.M., Prototyping of microfluidic devices in poly(dimethylsiloxane) using solid-object printing. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(7), 1537-1545. 

Kim, J.-S., Knapp, D.R., Miniaturized multichannel electrospray ionization emitters on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2001,22(18), 3993-3999. 

Wabuyele, M.B., Ford, S.M., Stryjewski, W., Barrow, 1., Soper, S.A., Single molecule detection of double-stranded DNA in poly(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2001, 22(18), 3939-3948. 

Plastic microdevices for high-throughput screening with MS detection were also prepared for detection of aflatoxins and barbiturates. These devices incorporated concentration techniques interfaced with electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS) through capillaries [2], The microfluidic device for aflatoxin detection employed an affinity dialysis technique, in which a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane was incorporated in the microchip between two channels. Small molecules were dialyzed from the aflatoxin/antibody complexes, which were then analyzed by MS. A similar device was used for concentrating barbiturate/antibody complexes using an affinity ultrafiltration technique. A barbiturate solution was mixed with antibodies and then flowed into the device, where uncomplexed barbiturates were removed by filtration. The antibody complex was then dissociated and electrokinetically mobilized for MS analysis. In each case, the affinity preconcentration improved the sensitivity by at least one to two orders of magnitude over previously reported detection limits. 

Heath, J.R., Phelps, M.E. and Hood, L. (2003) Nanosystems biology. Mol. Imaging Biol. 5, 312-325. Hellmich, W., Gieif, D., Pelaigus, C., Anselmetti, D. and Ros, A. (2006) Improved native laser induced fluorescence detection for single cell analysis in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices. J. Chromatogr. A. 1130, 195-200. 

J.N. Lee, C. Park, and G.M. Whitesides, Solvent compatibihty of poly (dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic devices. Analytical Chemistiy, 75, 6544-6554, (2003). 

S. K. Sia and G. M. Whitesides, Microfluidic devices fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) for biological studies, Electrophoresis, vol. 24, no. 

Oblak, T. D. A., Root, P, Spence, D. M. Fluorescence monitoring of ATP-stimulated, endothehum-derived nitric oxide production in channels of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic device. Analytical Chemistry, 2006, 78, 3193-3197. 

FIGURE 47.6 Schematic diagram of the microfluidic device fabricated from cyclic olefin copolymer containing poly(ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith (top) and chromatogram of tryptic digested bovine serum albumin in the reversed-phase mode. Conditions digest sample 5 pmol/ xL, mobile phase A 5% acetonitrile in 0.1% aqueous TFA, mobile phase B 70% acetonitrile in 0.1% aqueous TEA, gradient 0% B for 5 min, then from 0% to 70% B in 60 min, flow rate 300 nL/min. 

The substrate for the microfluidic device should be selected with consideration of the end application. Substrates used to fabricate the microchip device should not interact with target analytes, and must be compatible with the detection method employed (i.e., should not exhibit background fluorescence, BGF.). For the analysis of nonpolar compounds, it should be kept in mind that substrates such as poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) can adsorb hydrophobic analytes such as peptides and proteins. Plasma oxidation or treatment of the surface can sometimes be useful to minimize these interactions [34,35]. For perfusates containing organic solvents, compatibility with polymer substrates can also be an issue. Substrates to be used for the fabrication of electrophoresis-based separation devices should be capable of supporting a stable electroomostic flow (EOF). The use of a low cost material and standard processing procedures can permit mass fabrication of devices. 

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