Poly metallic

The metals sulfides are the most dangerous since after aerobic weathering they are transformed into water-soluble sulfates of different metals. Accordingly, in the areas of non-ferrous and rare metal ore exploration and treatments, the acid sulfate landscapes are formed with high content of toxic metals. The biogeochemical technogenic provinces are known, for instance, copper-nickel provinces in the Kola Peninsula, Fennoscandia molybdenum provinces in the Caucasian region, copper and chromium-nickel ones in the South Ural, poly-metal ones, in the Pacific coast of eastern Eurasia (Russia, China, and Korea), etc. 

Fig. 10 Schematic representation of the linear chain of poly metal(II) phosphinates, alternating triple and single bridging phosphinate groups, and double bridging phosphi-...

Complexes, see also specific type in solution, structures, see X-ray diffraction n-Complexes, 4 178-184 Complex formation constant, outersphere, 43 46, 55 electrovalent interaction in, 3 269-270 Compressibility coefficient of activation, 42 9 Comproportionation constants, class II mixed-valence complexes, 41 290-292 Comproportionation equilibrium, 41 280-281 Compton effect, 3 172 Conantokins, calcium binding, 46 470-471 Concanavalin A, 36 61, 46 308 Concensus motif, 47 451 Concentration-proportional titrations of poly-metalates, 19 250, 251, 254 Condensation... 

Scheme 6 represents coordinate polymers. A low-molecular-weight compound with multidentate groups on both ends of the molecule grows into a linear polymer with metal ions, and the polymer chain is composed of coordinate bonds. The parquetlike polymer complexes, poly(metal-phthalocyanine) and poly(metal-tetracyano-ethylene), are classified into Scheme 7. They are formed by inserting metal ions into planar-network polymers or by causing a low-molecular-weight ligand derivative to react with a metal salt and a condensation reagent.

Poly(metal phthalocyanine)imide copolymers are produced from the reaction of metal (II) 4,4, 4",4" -phthalocyanine tetramine (Cu, Co, Ni), diamines 4-phenyl-ene, 4,4 -bis(4-aminophenyl)methane, 9,9 -bis(4-aminophenylfluorene) and 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride [69]. 

Poly(metal tetrathiooxalates) Cu", Ni", Pd" 1-20 Stable on exposure to ambient environments for several months 105... 

The poly(metal)silazanes 62-77 are isolated usually as colorless crystals. They are unstable with respect to water and oxygen and are soluble in nonpolar solvents (with the exception of compound 77), The formulas drawn for 64-67 are merely formal and do not imply that these substances have a considerable ionic character. They are soluble in benzene and are monomo-lecular as found by cryoscopic molecular weight determinations. The H NMR spectra of 64 and 65 (64) demonstrate that the metal atoms are coordinated by methyl groups, the most reasonable structure being depicted in the formulas 64 and 65. The trigonal-bipyramidal arrangement of the N2SiAlM... 

It was of interest to determine which of the metal-carbon bonds, Mg—C or A1—C, in alkyl poly(metal)silazanes such as 68 would be the more reactive. This was probed by treating 68 with cyclopentadiene or trimethylsilycy-clopentadiene [Eq. (30)] (73). 

The alkyl and aryl metal silazanes and poly(metal) silazanes described so far are representatives of an unusual class of compound containing simultaneously electron-deficient and electron-rich centers that can interact with one another. The interaction may be of the two-electron donor type (Lewis acid/... 

This problem has been partially overcome by elimination of the phosphorus-oxygen bonds, as, for example, in the poly(phosphinoisocyanates), which have the structure shown in 6.47.42 It is also possible to form poly(metal phosphinates) with repeat unit -M(0PR20)2- by allowing a metal alkoxide to react with a phosphinic acid.43 Typical metal atoms are aluminum, cobalt, chromium, nickel, titanium, and zinc.43 Polymeric phosphine oxides can be prepared by the reactions... 

The Microtox assay which measures light inhibition with the bacterium Vibrio fisheri is a well known and useful aquatic toxicity test (see Chapter 1, volume 1 of this book). As previously reported (Blaise et al., 1994) and based on our own experience, it appears more appropriate to determine 60 min IC50 for waste leachates, as opposed to 15 min or 30 min endpoints. IC50s measured after 60 min on MIOM leachates were clearly more sensitive and reproducible than those measured at 30 min and 15 min (Ferrari et ah, 1999). Since WASTOXHAS was applied on (poly)metallic matrices in this study, we also found it more suitable to use zinc sulphate as a reference toxicant to periodically verify the sensitivity of the Microtox bacterial light reagent. 

Among the most interesting poly(metal phosphinates) are those based on chromium(lll). In an earlier volume a procedure for the preparation of poly-[aqua-bis(/U-diphenylphosphinato)-hydroxochromium(III)] from chromium-(II) chloride was presented. i It has since been found that an identical product can be prepared directly from chromium(III) starting materials, a route which avoids the necessity for working with an air-sensitive chromium(II) intermediate. At the same time it was reported that the aquahydroxobis-... 

Multiple metallations are the most common method of synthesizing di- or poly-metallated species. Alkenes give polyanions with the mixed base, C4H9Li—( 3)3-COK. Ketones and -diketones give mixed metal dianions or polyanions by sequential treatment with KH and C HgLi. 

The requirement of extensive allyl anion stabilization as a prerequisite for cyclopropyl anion opening has only been overcome in the treatment of arylcyclopropanes such as 16 and 20 with Lochmann s base (BuLi//-BuOK) in refluxing hexane. Under these conditions poly-metalated 17 and dimetalated species 21, respectively, were formed. The ring opening results from the need for the charge in the benzylic cyclopropyl position to be further removed from... 

Hergenrother, W.L. Ravagnani, F.J. Doshak, J.M. Poly (Metal Carboxylate) Grafted Rubbers with High Modulus. U.S. Patent 5,962,593, Oct 5, 1999 Bridgestone. 

Matsuda, H. Nakanishi, H. Kato, M. Conducting polyyne and poly(metal-yne) from butadiyne. J. Polym. Lett. Ed. 1984, 22, 107-111. 

The research area of organometallic polymers containing transition metals cr-bonded in the polymer backbone is dominated by poly(metal acetylides).34,35 Since their discovery in the 1970s,... 

Properties of poly(metal phosphinates) are dependent on the coordination metal and any accompanying ligand (such as H2O), the nature of the substituents on phosphorus and the number of bridging sites percenter. Poly(metal phosphinates) have been synthesized by reacting solutions of the metal ions with dialkyl- and diarylphos-phinates. 

Some poly(metal phosphinates) are high polymers with molecular weights < 1.5 x 10 , exhibit tensile strengths of several thousand psi, are soluble in organic solvents and can be cast as films and exhibit superior thermal stabilities to 500 C yet no one member of this class has combined any three major properties. 

Related to the poly(metal phosphinates) are the Al—O—P products, polyphos-... 

The preparations of several organometallic polymers are given here for reference to some more common types of polymers. They are the vinyl type, complex metal phthalocyanines, organotin hydride-olefin condensations, and the poly(metal phosphinates). More detailed reviews on organometallic pol3oners should be consulted for additional information [1,2]. 

Ultrathin films in the nanometer range of poly(metal tetrathiooxalates) (M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), Co(II)) have been prepared by sequential adsorption of divalent metal cations and tetrathiooxalate dianions on charged substrates (quartz slides with an upper layer of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as shown in Eq. 7-11 [70]. Non-modified ITO glass or ZnSe substrates have also been also used. The modified quartz slide was dipped alternately into aqueous solutions of the tetrathiooxalate and a metal salt, and cleaned in between. The dark-brownish layers show a very broad absorption extending from the UV to the NIR. The electrical conductivities are in the order of 10 S cm" . 

In the 1970s, Hagihara and coworkers reported the synthesis of oligomeric and polymeric poly(metal acetylides), also called poly-ynes. containing transition metals in the main chain. ] Conjugated poly-ynes containing platinum or palladiuin complexes in their backbones were prepared by polycondensation of a metal chloride and an acetylene monomer in the presence of Cul. Platinum and palladium... 

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