Poly , high resolution metallization

Adamic and Bartak [6] used high pressure aqueous size exclusion chromatography with reverse pulse amperometric detection to separate copper(II) complexes of poly(amino carboxylic acids), catechol and fulvic acids. The commercially available size exclusion chromatography columns were tested. Columns were eluted with copper(II) complexes of poly(aminocarboxylic acids), citric acids, catechol and water derived fulvic acid. The eluent contained copper(II) to prevent dissociation of the labile metal complexes. Reverse pulse electrochemical measurements were made to minimise oxygen interferences at the detector. Resolution of a mixture of DTP A, EDTA and NTA copper complexes was approximately the same on one size exclusion chromatography column as on Sephadex... 

It is well known that contact between the bottom of the tip and the sample surface will not be between two smooth, regular surfaces. In particular, the bottom of the tip may contain many asperities, and one of these asperities will serve as the probe. In STM experiments the most common tip is made from a tungsten poly-crystalline wire, and other tip materials are commonly transition metals (platinum, iridium, alloys) [21]. It is generally agreed today that only a very sharp tip with a single atom at its pinnacle is suitable to obtain atomic resolution on close-packed surfaces. But, such a tip is highly unstable. Therefore, the fabrication and characterization of defined tips, e.g. by field ion microscopy, have not been achieved, nor can it... 

The scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) provides a measure of the Volta potential (work function) that is related to the corrosion potential of the metal, withont touching the corroding surface [24]. The technique can give a corrosion potential distribution, with a spatial resolution of 50 to 100 pm, below highly isolating polymer films. The SKP is an excellent research tool to study the initiation of corrosion at the metal/poly-mer interface. 

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