Poly carbonate Blends

Compatible blends of PC with certain vinyl polymers have been described (35). The compatibilizer acts in the presence of a transesterification catalyst under conditions that effect transesterification. The compatibilizer is a copolymer containing hydroxyl groups, e.g., made from a-methyl-p-hydroxystyrene and methyl methacrylate. Other hydroxyl groups containing monomers may be p-hydroxy-styrene and p-isopropenyl-o-cresol. 

In preparing the compatible blend, the compatibilizer is reac-tively blended with PC and a blending partner in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. The blending partner can be a poly(ole-fin), styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, poly (methyl methacrylate), or poly (styrene). Suitable transesterification catalysts include tetraphenyl phosphonium benzoate, tetraphenyl phosphonium acetate, and tetraphenyl phosphonium 

Wood-poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites have higher flexural modulus than PVC alone. The improvement of the mechanical properties is always desirable for composite materials, and it will lead to more durable materials requiring less maintenance. The properties can be improved by the use of a compatibilizer. 

PVC composites with cellulose fiber can be compatibilized using an organometallic zirconium compound. The preferred organo-metallic zirconium compound is cyclo[dineopentyl(diallyl)]pyro-phosphato dineopentyl(diallyl)zirconate (54). 

Preferred cellulose fiber-containing materials are selected from the group consisting of wood flour, wood fiber, and natural fibers, such as flax, rice hulls, sisal, jute, and kenaf. 

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Preferential absorption of OSO4 has been shown [115] to reveal spherulites in semicrystalline PET. Stefan and Williams [116] work on ABS-poly-carbonate blends also showed contrast by selective absorption. The dark SAN polymer, in this latter study, contains the osmium stained rubber particles while the polycarbonate was not stained. Niimoni et al. [117] found that there is often enough phase contrast in stained copolymers which have different degrees of unsaturation or functional groups like -OH, -0-, or as they each vary in reactivity with the stain. A specially constructed pressure bomb was developed by Edwards and Phillips [118] in order to terminate crystallization and fix polymers with OSO4 at elevated pressure. This method has permitted determination of lamellar growth rates and the observation of developments in crystalline morphology. 

Wei, M., B. W. Kang, C. M. Sung, and J. Mead (2006b). Preparation of nanohbers with controlled phase morphology from electrospinning of polybutadiene-poly-carbonate blends. In Polymeric Nanofibers. ACS Symposium Series 918. Edited by D. H. Reneker and H. Fong. Oxford University Press (USA), p. 149. 

The enhancement of the overall crystallization rate with increasing concentration of the noncrystallizing component in immiscible systems is found in many immiscible blends.(80,87,91-93) A striking example is illustrated in Fig. 11.40 for poly(ethylene terephthalate)-poly (carbonate) blends. (92) For blends containing less than 80 wt percent of the poly(carbonate) component the crystallization rate of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) is greatly enhanced. Kinetic studies for... 

Fig. 3. ESCA results on the surface segregation of the Polycarbonate homopolymer/Poly-carbonate-Polydimethylsiloxane segmented copolymer blends 1S0)...

I. Cabasso, Y. Yuan, and X. Xu. Gas diffusion electrodes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) carbon blends. US Patent 5783325 (1998). 

Wang S, Huang Y, Cong G (1997) Study on nitrile-butadiene rubber/poly(propylene carbonate) elastomer as coupling agent of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends I. Effect on mechanical properties of blends. J Appl Polym Sci 63 1107-1 111... 

Compositions of the ABS type may be mixed with other polymers. Suitable blend partners can be selected from poly(carbonate)s (PC)s, poly(ester)s, poly(ester carbonate)s and poly(amide)s (PA)s. Some especially preferred types, of these compounds and an overview of how to produced these types have been described (16). 

X. Ma, Y. Jiugao, and N. Wang, Compatibility characterization of poly(lactic acid)/ poly(propylene carbonate) blends, J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys., 44(1) 94-101, January 2006. 

In another study, it was successfully reported an intimate ternary blend system of poly(carbonate) (PC)/poly(methyl methacrylate ) (PMMA)/poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) obtained by the simultaneous coalescence of the three guest polymers from their common y-cyclodextrin (y-CD) inclusion complex (IC). The thermal transitions and the homogeneity of the coalesced ternary blend were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [50]... 

We have tested the following polymers polycarbonate (PC), poly-carbonate/4% polyethylene blend (PC/PE), poly (ethylene terephthal-ate) (PET), ABS, and impact modified polystyrene (HIPS). All materials except PC were compression molded into nominal Vs-inch sheets. The PC used was an Vs-inch extruded sheet heat-treated in a manner previously described (22). These PC specimens were considered to be... 

As the second component in the blend either PET from Eastman Kodak or a bisphenol-A based poly(carbonate) (PC) generously provided by the Bayer AG were used. The weight-average molar mass was <= 3.2 104 g/mole for each. The quotient / for all polymers studied was / 2. 

Hakkarainen [19,36] Poly(vinyl chloride)/ polycaprolactone-carbonate blend Thermo-oxidation, hydrolysis 6-Hydroxyhexanoic acid, caprolactone PDMS-DVB... 

PEI Blends PEI with poly(carbonate-b-siloxane), and EPDM, ABS, MBS or MMBA PEI with PArSi PArSi with PPE and SBS processability, impact strength processability, flame retardancy flame retardancy Giles and White, 1983 Jordan and Webb, 1994 Jordan Webb, 1994... 

ZRI06] Zribi K., Feller J.F., Elleuch K., et al., Conductive polymer composites obtained from recycled poly(carbonate) and rubber blends for heating and sensing applications , Po/g ie s for Advanced Technologies, vol. 17, pp. 727-731,2006. 

Kim HK, Wang XS, Fujita Y, Sudo A, Nishida H, Fujii M, Endo T. 2005c. A rapid photomechanical switching polymer blend system composed of azobenzene carrying poly(vinylether) and poly(carbonate). Polymer 46 5879 5883. 

Blends of bisphenol A poly(carbonate) (PC) and PEN can be obtained without the addition of a catalyst in a batch mixer at 290°C. All the blends at various compositions prepared exhibited two phases and have good mechanical properties. 

The formation of fibrils in poly(carbonate) (PC)/LCP blends have been shown to be enhanced by tbe addition of glass beads. Nano silica acts in the same way. For example, in PC/LCP blends the addition of nano silica results in a reduction of the viscosity. The reduction of viscosity is correlated with the fibrillation of tbe LCP which is promoted by nano silica. In blends of LCP and poly(sulfone) the addition of ca. 5% of nano silica effects the formation of long and perfectly orientated fibrils in the capillary flow. The nano silica forms a network in the matrix that increases the elasticity. This effect is responsible for the improvement of the formation of fibrils. 

Choi, J.-H., JegaL J., and Kim, W.-N. 2006. Fabrication and characterization of multi-waUed carbon nanotubes/poly-mer blend membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 284 406-415. 

Material and Accuracy The available materials for FDM process are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Poly-carbonate (PC)-ABS Blend, PC, and Polyphenylsulfone (PPSF) and polylactic acid (PLA). 

The formation of fibrils in poly(carbonate) (PC)/ LCP blends has been shown to be enhanced by the addition of glass beads [52,73]. Nano silica acts in the same way. For example, in PC/LCP blends the addition of nano silica results in a reduction of the viscosity... 

Nagai, K., Kanehashi, S., Tabei, S. and Nakagawa, T. 2005. Nitrogen permeability and carbon dioxide solubility in poly(l-trimethylsilyl-l-propyne)-based binary substituted poly acetylene blends. 251(1-2) 101-110. 

A biodegradable plastic blend consists of both a biodegradable material and a non biodegradable polymer, such as a poly(prop-ylene) (PP), poly(urethane) (PU), PE, PP, or poly(carbonate) These materials are treated (14) ... 

Hollow core carbon fibres were also prepared from heterogeneous Ugnin-poly(propylene) blends, whose morphology was generated by the selective thermal ablation of the polyolefin [68]. 

Due to the phase-separated structure of immiscible polymer blends including phase boundaries in the corresponding dielectric spectra, MaxweU/Wagner polarization process can be observed especially at low frequencies. As discussed in Sect. 12.2.3.3, the theoretical equations are complex and hard to solve. For certain model systems like inclusion in poly(carbonate filled) with poly(ethylene oxide) (Hayward et al. 1992), it could be shown that for low concentrations the most important quantities are the volume fraction, the geometry of the dispersed phase... 

Flame retarded prade High-heat Impacl- modfied poly- carbonate/ polyester blends Conductive poly- carbonate EMI shielding (oonduotive) ... 

Mokdad, A. Dubault, A. Monnerie, L. (1996) Sorption and Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide in Single-Phase Polystyrene/Poly(vinylmethylether) Blends, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys., 34,2723-2730. 

PCU/EVA polymer blend consisting of poly(carbonate urethane) and... 

Equation (6) shows the modification steps of the polymer blend consisting of poly(carbonate urthane) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PCU/PVA). No direct proof of OH functions at the PCU/PVA blend surface was achieved however, after introduction of the trifluoroacetyl reporter group, XPS showed the presence of 2.5 at-om% fluorine. The OH functions of the PCU/PVA blend surface were first react-... 

Denchev Z, Bojkova A, DuChesne A, Hocker H, Keul H and Fakirov S (1998) Sequential reordering in condensation polymers, 5) Preparation via transreactions and characterization of copolymers based on poly(caprolactone)-poly(2,2-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) blends, Macromol Chem Phys 199 2153-2164. 

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