5,5-Dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate

Furthermore, the ring-opening co-polymerization of BTMC with 5,5-dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate (DTC) by immobilized porcine pancreatic lipase (0.1 wt%) catalyzed in bulk copolymerization at 150°C for 24h [117]. Under these conditions, the highest molecular weight of poly(BTMC-co-DTC) of M =26 400 was obtained, with 83% monomer conversion. 

Porcine pancreatic lipase 5-benzyloxy-trimethylene carbonate / 5,5 -dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate [117]... 

IPPL with different size were employed for ring-opening copolymerization of 5-benzyloxy-trimethylene carbonate (BTMC) with 5,5-dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate (DTC) in bulk (33). 

Keul, H., Bacher, R., Hocker, H., 1986. Anionic ring anionic polymerization of 2,2—dimethyl trimethylene carbonate. Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Chemistry and... 

Denchev Z, Bojkova A, DuChesne A, Hocker H, Keul H and Fakirov S (1998) Sequential reordering in condensation polymers, 5) Preparation via transreactions and characterization of copolymers based on poly(caprolactone)-poly(2,2-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) blends, Macromol Chem Phys 199 2153-2164. 

An alternative way to mne the polymer properties and insert desired functionalities is copolymerization with different monomers. Cyclic carbonates have been copolymerized with various other cyclic monomers, such as lactones or lactides. For example, TMC was copolymerized with 5-methyl-5-benzyloxycar-bonyl-l,3-dioxan-2-one (MBC) using lipase from Pseudomonas flourescens (PF) resulting in a highly amorphous random copolymers (Fig. 8) [74]. In another smdy, 5-benzyloxy-trimethylene carbonate (BTMC) was copolymerized with 5,5-dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate (DTC) using an immobilized hpase on silica particles [79]. In the copolymerization of TMC with a lactone, m-pentadecalactone (PDL), employing Novozyme 435, highly erystalline TMC-PDL eopolymers were obtained, and as opposed to chemical catalysts, enzyme eatalyst (Novozyme 435) polymerized PDL more rapidly than TMC [80]. 

DTC 2,2-dimethyl Trimethylene Carbonate LREE Light Rare Earth Elements... 

It is known that the anionic polymerization of dimethyl trimethylene carbonate (DTC) in toluene with lithium cation as a counterion proceeds slower than that with potassium one due to the more covalent character of the lithium-oxygen bond compared with the potassium-oxygen bond this leads to a lower nucleophilicity of the lithium alkoxide and also the low tendency for complexation with PEG favors lithium as... 

L-valine, L-proline, L-leucine, and L-phenylalanine as initiators of the ROP of DTC and TMC. PTMC and poly(dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) (PDTC) with different Mn were obtained at 80 and 120 °C, respectively, in bulk by changing the molar ratio of [monomer]/[amino acid]. Among these polymers, the maximum values of A n of the PCs reached 17 800-18 900 and the dispersity index was 1.67 for [monomer]/[r-phenylalanine] molar ratio of 200. NMR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that amino acid was incorporated into the polymer chain. 

Random copolymers of PPE with other polymers have been synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic phosphate monomers with other monomers (e.g., s-CL, d,l-LA, trimethylene carbonate, 2,2-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate, or dioxanone). Many random copolymers have been reported, such as poly[(s-CL)-co-(MOEEP)], poly[(D,L-LA)-co-(methyl ethylene phosphate) poly [(trimethylene carbonate)-co-(EEP)], poly [(2,2-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate)-co-(EEP)], and poly [(p-dioxanone)-co-(EEP)]. The incorporation of phosphoester linkages into the polymer backbone increases the solubility of copolymers in common organic solvents and decreases the glass-transition temperature. As a result, the processability of copolymers can be greatly improved. ... 

The coordination polymerisation of cyclic carbonates with a six-membered ring in the molecule, such as trimethylene carbonate (l,3-dioxan-2-one) and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (5,5-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-2-one) [148-150], carried out in the presence of metal carboxylates e.g. zinc stearate, tin-based catalysts such as the di(w-butyl)stannic diiodide-triphenylphosphine system [151] or porphinatoaluminium compounds such as (tpp)AlOR [149] is not accompanied with decarboxylation and yields the respective polycarbonates (Table 9.2). The ring cleavage during the polymerisation of trimethylene carbonate and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate in the presence of the above catalysts has been found [148,149,151] to occur at the C(0)-0 bond, resulting... 

BBL = -butyrolactone DTC = 2,2-dimethyl tri-methylene carbonate HTC = 2,2-(2-pentene-l,5-diyl)fri-methylene carbonate 1-MeTMC = 1-methyl trimethylene carbonate MMA = methylmethacrylate MMAO = modified methyMuminoxane PBD = polybutadiene PIP = polyiso-prene PHAs = polyhydroxyalkanoate PLA = polylactide ROP = ring-opening polymerization TMC = trimethylene carbonate. 

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is soluble in most organic solvents but insoluble in water. The classical synthesis of DMC is the reaction of methanol with phosgene. Because phosgene is toxic, a non-phosgene-route may be preferred. The new route reacts methanol with urea over a tin catalyst. However, the yield is low. Using electron donor solvents such as trimethylene glycol dimethyl ether and continually distilling off the product increases the yield. ... 

Fig. 6.12 Plot of melting temperature against characteristic ratio for indicated polymers. (1) Polyethylene (2) i-poly(propylene) (3) i-poly(isopropyl acrylate) (4) s-poly(isopropyl acrylate) (5) i-poly(methyl methacrylate) (6) s-poly(methyl methacrylate) (7) poly(dimethyl siloxane) (8) poly(diethyl siloxane) (9) poly(dipropyl siloxane) (10) poly(cis-l,4-isoprene) (11) poly(trans-l,4-isoprene) (12) poly(cis-1,4-butadiene) (13) poly(trans-1,4-butadiene) (14) poly(caprolactone) (15) poly(propiolactone) (16) poly(pivalolactone) (17) poly(oxymethylene) (18) poly(ethylene oxide) (19) poly(trimethylene oxide) (20) poly(tetramethylene oxide) (21) poly(hexamethylene oxide) (22) poly(decamethylene oxide) (23) poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (24) poly(caprolaetam) (25) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (26) poly(ethylene sulfide) (27) poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (28) i-poly(styrene) (29) poly(acrylonitrile) (30) poly(l,3-dioxolane) (31) poly(l,3-dioxopane) (32) poly(l,3-dioxocane) (33) bisphenol A-poly(carbonate).

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