Reporter groups

Another important feature is the reactivity of the phosphorodithioates with alkylating agents. When one phosphorodithioate linkage is incorporated within an oligonucleotide, it can serve as a point of attachment for reporter groups bearing an alkylating function. 

Both phosphoramidate and phosphate triester derivatives have been used as linkers to attach reporter groups to oligonucleotides. These derivatives are not entirely resistant to nucleases and they possess a chiral center. They have not been widely iavestigated as antisense dmgs. 

Incorporation of fluorine into a biological substrate opens a spectral window for viewmg biomolecular structure and dynamics in solution With mmimal background mletference, fluonne NMR can provide clear spectral information for fluorme conlainmg macromolecules, in contrast to an indecipherable mass of signals from proton or carbon NMR Whether the fluonnated unit is termed a probe, tag, marker, or reporter group, its function is the same to act as a beacon of spectral information... 

As modification of the Ca -ATPase by lAEDANS has no effect on the ATPase activity, the covalently bound AEDANS is a convenient reporter group of the conformational state of the Ca -ATPase and its interactions [160,296,297,322-333]. 

FIGURE 5.42 Chemical structures of first-generation (42) and second-generation (43) self-immolative, receiver-amplifier dendritic molecules with an enzymatic trigger (blue), cleaved by PGA and 6-aminoquinoline (red) reporter groups. 

FIGURE 5.29 Molecular structure of second-generation self-immolative dendron with a trigger designed for activation by PGA, reporter groups of 4-nitroaniline, and acetylene functional groups for click conjugation. 

Following the enzymatic cleavage, azaquinone methide was rapidly eliminated and decarboxylation occurred, leading to internal cyclization that released a urea derivative and phenol 35. The latter was disassembled as previously described to generate two equivalents of phenol 36, which was further fragmented to release the four reporter groups. 

Then, we evaluated the enzymatic activation of a second-generation dendritic prodrug with camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer agent, in place of the reporter groups (dendron 38). 

Horton, H. R. Young, G. 2-Acetoxy-5-nitrobenzyl chloride. A reagent designed to introduce a reporter group near the active site of chymotrypsin. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1969, 94, 272-278. 

For an explanation of reporter-group regions, see text.h C-5 of is also included in this region, for 4 only (see formulas 4-10). 

Since new carbonyl compounds of Ti, Zr, and Hf and their accompanying chemistry are appearing at a steady rate in the literature, it seems appropriate at this time to bring this rapidly growing area into perspective. In this review we will endeavor to categorize all reported group 4B metal carbonyls including their synthesis, formation,1 structure, spectroscopic... 

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemical proteomic strategy in which active-site-directed covalent probes are used to profile the functional states of enzymes in complex proteomes. Activity-based probes (ABPs) can distinguish active enzymes from their inactive zymogens or inhibitor-bound forms. They contain a reactive group intended to modify enzyme active sites covalently and a reporter group (typically rhodamine or biotin) that assists in detection and identification of protein targets. 

Another ABPP platform integrates click chemistry (CC), where an alkyne or azide group in the ABP acts as a latent attachment point for a reporter tag [34,35]. Replacing bulky reporter groups with an alkyne extends ABP design to include probes that function in live cells and... 

If the probe must also possess a reporter group for detection and/or enrichment of labeled targets, it can be functionalized with an... 

Mertz E., Zimmerman S.C., Cross-linked dendrimer hosts containing reporter groups for amine guests, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2003 125 3424-3425. 

Figure 28.5 This PIR compound contains NHS esters at both ends to capture interacting proteins through amide bond formation. It also contains MS cleavable bonds that release a central reporter group, which can be used to identify crosslinked peptides by mass spec.

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