Conductive poly

The bridging polymer is a conducting poly(3-methyIthiophene) or polyaniline and the solid state redox conduction between all electrodes is accomplished by a common coating with poly(ethyleneoxide)/Li" CF3S03- or poly(vinyl alcohol)/ The polyaniline based molecular transistor proved as a very sensitive moisture detector it works well in a dry argon atmosphere but in water saturated argon the device cuts out... 

I. Murase, T. Ohnishi, T. Noguchi, and M. Hirooka, Highly conducting poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives via soluble precursor process, Synth. Met., 17 639-644, 1987. 

M. Fukuda, K. Sawada, and K. Yoshino, Fusible conducting poly(9-alkylfluorene) and poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene) and their characteristics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Pt. 2 — Letters, 28 L1433-L1435,1989. 

Y. Yamamoto, K. Sanechika, and A. Yamamoto, Preparation of thermostable and electric-conducting poly(2,5-thienylene), J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 18 9-12, 1980. 

RS+ electrophiles that are electrogenerated in a CH2CI2/BU4NCIO4 solution readily attack even less reactive triple bonds of terminal alkynes [123] and result, after further oxidation and hydrolysis, in a-oxo-thioesters (Scheme 33). Under acidic conditions, it is possible to direct the reaction to the formation of an oligomer, cyclohexa-1,4-phenylene sulfide, or a conductive poly(p-phenylene)sulfide [131,132]. 

In order to overcome this problem, a subsequent study focused on devices in which EHO-OPPE was used in combination with a hole-conducting poly-... 

Rumbau V, Pomposo JA, Eleta A, Rodriguez J, Grande H, Mecerreyes D, Ochoteco E (2007) Eirst enzymatic synthesis of water-soluble conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Biomacromolecules 8(2) 315-317... 

Electrochemical doping of insulating polymers has been attempted for polyacetylene, polypyrrole, poly-A/-vinyl carbazole and phthalocyaninato-poly-siloxane. Significantly, Shirota et al. [91] claim to have achieved the first synthesis of electrically conducting poly(vinyl ferrocene) by the method of electrochemical deposition (ECD) [91]. This is based on the insolubilization of doped polymers from a solution of neutral polymers. A typical procedure applied [91] for polyvinyl ferrocene is to dissolve the polymer in dichlorometh-ane and oxidize it anodically with Ag/Ag+ reference electrode under selective conditions. The modified polymer [91] (Fig. 28) is a partially oxidized mixed valence salt containing ferrocene and ferrocenium ion pendant groups with C104 as the counter anion. 

Conductive Poly(amide) Compositions. Composites of PA-6 and carbon nanotubes (CNT)s show a significant increase of about 27%... 

Electrochemical polymerization of phenols to non-conducting poly(phenylene ethers) has been described 112) and Oyama et al. recently claimed that phenol 191) and p,p -biphenol192) can be polymerized to uncharacterized conducting films. Kumar et al.193) claimed that it is possible to copolymerize phenol with pyrrole... 

Use of electrocatalyst conducting poly- o-phenylenediamine) film, NAD 1 oxidation products (can act as electrocatalysts for NADH oxidation) [22]... 

Nabid MR, Entezami AA (2003) Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble, conducting poly(o-toluidine). Eur Polym J 39 1169-1175... 

One serious issue with the construction molecular devices is how difficult it is to precisely place each supramolecular element into the correct position. It would be much easier to draw nanocircuits if we could create supermolecules at desired positions. In the example shown in Fig. 5.13, molecular wires of conductive poly(diacetylene) are drawn by an STM tip in a highly controlled... 

The addition of templates enabled the enzymatic production of conducting polymers with well-defined structure.67 In using sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) as a template, the resulting polymer was soluble in water and the conductivity reached 5 x 10 3 S/cm without doping. Besides SPS, a strong acid surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) or poly(vi-nylphosphonic acid) provided a suitable local template environment leading to the formation of conducting poly aniline. 

Cheng F et al (2006) Conducting poly (aniline) nanotubes and nanoflbers controlled synthesis and application in lithium/poly(aniline) rechargeable batteries. Chemistry 12(11) 3082-3088... 

Quyang, J. Chu, C., W. Chen, F., C. Xu, Q. Yang, Y. (2005). High, Conductivity Poly(3,4, ethylenedioxythiophene) Poly(styrene sulfonate) Film and Its Application in Polymer Optoelectronic Devices. Advanced Functional Materials 15, pp. 203 - 208. 

The beauty of this electrochemical approach to production of colloids is that a range of dopants (A-) can be incorporated into the polymer. For example, functional dopants such as corrosion inhibitors,15 proteins,16 and polyelectrolytes17 have been incorporated. Even dopants that produce chiral activity within the conducting poly-... 

FIGURE 7.4 Schematic of the electrochemical flow cell used to grow conducting poly(3-MeTh) on fibers. A centrifugal pump is used to pump the electrolyte solution through the gel. (From Li, S. White, H.S. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993,140 2473. With permission.)... 

Engineering plastics, particularly thermosets, are also used in composite materials. Their excellent technological properties make them suitable for applications in cars, ships, aircraft, telecommunications equipment, etc. In recent years, important new areas of application for plastics have emerged in medicine (fabrication of artificial organs, orthopaedic implants, and devices for the controlled release of drugs), electronics (development of conductive poly-... 

Murase, I. et al.. Highly Conducting Poly(2,5-Thienylene Vinylene) Via a Precursor... 

Marchant, S. and Foot, P.J.S., Annealing behavior of conductive poly(3-hexylth-iophene) films. Polymer 38, 1749-1751, 1997. 

G. Gustafsson, O. Inganas, W.R. Salaneck, J. Laakso, M. Loponen, T. Taka, J.E, Osterholm, H. Stubb and T. Hjertberg Processablc Conducting Poly(3-Alkylthio-phenes in Conjugated Polymers (Ed.) J.L. Bredas and R, Silbey, Kluwer Academic Piiblislieis, Dordrecht (1991) p. 315. 

The same authors [217] also reported studies on electrically conductive poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-carbon black composites. The conductive composites with higher proportions of carbon-black showed much higher electrical conductivities, however, 20-60% and 100% weight losses were observed in the temperature ranges of 250°-450°C and 600°C, whereas the initial decomposition of the composite material started at 200°C. 

Conductive Poly mens Spectroscopy and Physical Properties... 

De Wit, M., Vanneste, E., Geise, H. J. and Nagels, L. J. (1998) Chemiresistive sensors of electrically conducting poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) and copolymers their responses to nine organic vapours. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical 50, 164-72. 

B. A. Deore, I. Yu, J. Woodmass, and M. S. Freimd, Conducting poly(aniUneborDnic add) nanostructures controlled synthesis and characterization, Macromol. Cheat Phys., 209,... 

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