Poly amino alcohols

Jon S, Anderson D G, Langer R (2003). Degradable poly (amino alcohol esters) as potential DNA vectors with low cytotoxicity. Biomacromol. 4 1759-1762. 

In the original paper, it was pointed out that the ICB mechanism should be applicable to other metal ions, although data were almost non-existent for the reaction of ligands of the type which favour the mechanism with metals other then Ni +. Recently, it has been shown to be operative in the reactions of Co + with two branched poly(amino-alcohol) ligands AAA A -tetrakis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (TKED) and AAA W -tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (THPED). A similar result had previously been obtained with the corresponding Ni + systems. A similar type of acceleration has also been reported in the reaction of Cu + with en. 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

Amino Alcohols. Reaction of chloroformate is much more rapid at the amino group than at the hydroxyl group (4—8). Thus the hydroxy carbamates, which can be cyclized with base to yield 2-oxazoHdones, can be selectively prepared (29). Nonionic detergents may be prepared from poly[(ethylene glycol) bis(chloroformates)] and long-chain tertiary amino alcohols (30). 

The property of thermal, reversible gelation is obtained by the addition of water-soluble proteins and protein degradation products to an aqueous solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) 2). Protein products such as albumin, gelatin, glue, a-amino acids, and their condensation products—diketopiperazines—may be used. A typical formulation for the preparation of a thermally reversible gel is ... 

Polybasic carboxylic hydroxy and amino acid aided synthetic routes directed towards obtaining mixed inorganic materials, especially for battery and fuel cell applications, are overviewed. It has been shown that, in spite of enormous number of papers on the subject, significant efforts should be undertaken in order to understand the basic principles of these routes. Possible influence of the structure of reactants employed in the process (acids, poly hydroxy alcohols, metal salts) is put forward, and some directions of future work in the field are outlined. 

Dissolution of metal salts in the aqueous solution of polybasic hydroxy (or amino) carboxylic acids (and poly hydroxy alcohols) ... 

Role of Polybasic Carboxylic Hydroxy (amino) Acids and Poly Hydroxy Alcohols... 

Sanchez-Chavez, M., Arranz, F. and Cortazar, M. (1998) Poly(vinyl alcohol) functionalized by monosuccinate groups. Coupling of bioactive amino compounds. Polymer, 39, 2751-2757. 

Many polymers have been studied for their usefulness in producing pharmacologically active complexes with proteins or drugs. Synthetic and natural polymers such as polysaccharides, poly(L-lysine) and other poly(amino acids), poly(vinyl alcohols), polyvinylpyrrolidinones, poly(acrylic acid) derivatives, various polyurethanes, and polyphosphazenes have been coupled to with a diversity of substances to explore their properties (Duncan and Kopecek, 1984 Braatz et al., 1993). Copolymer preparations of two monomers also have been tried (Nathan et al., 1993). 

Class 1 Liqnids capable of forming three-dimensional networks of strong hydrogen bonds, e.g., water, poly- and amino-alcohols, hydroxy-acids, etc. 

However, there are numerous reported instances of stereocontrol by a site-control mechanism involving chiral metal catalysts. That is, Nozaki and coworkers first illustrated the asymmetric alternating copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 employing a chiral zinc catalyst derived from an amino alcohol (Fig. 2a) [13-16]. This was soon followed by studies of Coates and coworkers utilizing an imine-oxazoline zinc catalyst (Fig. 2b) [17]. Both investigations provided isotactic poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (Fig. 3) with enantiomeric excess of approximately 70%. 

Copolymers of poly(isobutylene) and maleic anhydride, func- (74) tionalized with amines or amino alcohols Copolymers of poly(isobutylene), vinyl esters, and maleic an- (75) hydride... 

Reaction products of poly(isobutenyl)succinic anhydride with (77) amino alcohols, amines and sorbitol... 

Reaction products of poly(isobutenyl)succinic anhydrides (78) with morpholine and amino alcohols... 

The lower members of the homologous series of 1. Alcohols 2. Aldehydes 3. Ketones 4. Acids 5. Esters 6. Phenols 7. Anhydrides 8. Amines 9. Nitriles 10. Polyhydroxy phenols 1. Polybasic acids and hydro-oxy acids. 2. Glycols, poly-hydric alcohols, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones (sugars) 3. Some amides, ammo acids, di-and polyamino compounds, amino alcohols 4. Sulphonic acids 5. Sulphinic acids 6. Salts 1. Acids 2. Phenols 3. Imides 4. Some primary and secondary nitro compounds oximes 5. Mercaptans and thiophenols 6. Sulphonic acids, sulphinic acids, sulphuric acids, and sul-phonamides 7. Some diketones and (3-keto esters 1. Primary amines 2. Secondary aliphatic and aryl-alkyl amines 3. Aliphatic and some aryl-alkyl tertiary amines 4. Hydrazines 1. Unsaturated hydrocarbons 2. Some poly-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons 3. Alcohols 4. Aldehydes 5. Ketones 6. Esters 7. Anhydrides 8. Ethers and acetals 9. Lactones 10. Acyl halides 1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons Cyclic paraffin hydrocarbons 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons 4. Halogen derivatives of 1, 2 and 3 5. Diaryl ethers 1. Nitro compounds (tertiary) 2. Amides and derivatives of aldehydes and ketones 3. Nitriles 4. Negatively substituted amines 5. Nitroso, azo, hy-drazo, and other intermediate reduction products of nitro com-pounds 6. Sulphones, sul-phonamides of secondary amines, sulphides, sulphates and other Sulphur compounds... 

Carboxylate derivatives of poly(vinyl alcohol) are biodegradable and function in detergents as cobuilders, although they are too cosdy to be practical as of 1996. Vinyloxyacetic acid has been polymerized (5) (101,102), and Lever has patented polymers, eg, poly(vinyloxyaspartic acid) (6), based on vinyl carbamates obtained from the reaction of vinjd chloroformates and amino acids such as aspartic and glutamic acids (103). Both hydrolyze to poly(vinyl alcohol) and then biodegrade. 

PAAP [S,5R,6,R]-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(pyren-l-ylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-l-azabicyclo-[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid, PMRA 2,4-Dihydroxy-/V-pyren-l-ylmethylbenzamide, 2P l-(4-Vinylphenyl)-3-(3-trifluromethylphenyl) urea, PVA Poly(vinyl alcohol), 1-ALPP 1-allylpiperazin... 

Several poly(urea urethane) oligomers 28 (Figure 12) were prepared by one-component polycondensation of iV-(hydroxyalkyl)-2 -oxo-1,3-diazepane-l-carboxamides, which act as intramolecular blocked isocyanates <2005PLM 1459>. These oligomers are semicrystalline materials and their melting points show the odd/even effect observed earlier for [ ]-polyamides, [ ]-polyurethanes, poly(ester amide)s, and poly (amide urethane)s. Further analysis showed that the polymers are stable up to ca. 205-230 °C, the polymers with the lower number of methylene groups in the amino alcohol decomposing at the lowest temperature. 

Hisamtsu, I., Kataoka, K., Okano, T. and Sakurai, Y. (1997) Glucose-responsive gel from phenylborate polymer and poly (vinyl alcohol) Prompt response at physiological pH through the interaction of borate with amino group in the gel. Pharm. Res., 14 289-293. 

Yashima and co-workers reported the memory of macromolecular helicity of poly((4-carboxyphenyl)acetylene) (poly-98). Poly-98 itself possesses a large number of short helical units with many helix-reversal points, and is therefore achiral. However, in the presence of optically active amine 99, which can interact with the polymer s carboxyl groups, one-handed macromolecular helicity is induced in the polymer. When achiral amino alcohol 100 is added to the helical complex, chiral amine 99 bound to poly-98 is replaced by stronger base 100. Nevertheless, the newly formed complex still shows a one-handed helical conformation. Even after the removal of 99 by gel permeation chromatography, the poly-98-100 complex retains a one-handed helical conformation without a loss of helical intensity. Thus the helicity of poly-98 induced by complexation with a chiral amine was memorized after replacement by an achiral one. The half-life of the chiral memory is as long as four years at room temperature.48... 

Most research into the study of dispersion polymerization involves common vinyl monomers such as styrene, (meth)acrylates, and their copolymers with stabilizers like polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [33-40], poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) [18,41],poly(methacrylicacid) [42],or hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) [43,44] in polar media (usually alcohols). However, dispersion polymerization is also used widely to prepare functional microspheres in different media [45, 46]. Some recent examples of these preparations include the (co-)polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) [47,48],4-vinylpyridine (4VP) [49], glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) [50-53], acrylamide (AAm) [54, 55], chloro-methylstyrene (CMS) [56, 57], vinylpyrrolidone (VPy) [58], Boc-p-amino-styrene (Boc-AMST) [59],andAT-vinylcarbazole (NVC) [60] (Table 1). Dispersion polymerization is usually carried out in organic liquids such as alcohols and cyclohexane, or mixed solvent-nonsolvents such as 2-butanol-toluene, alcohol-toluene, DMF-toluene, DMF-methanol, and ethanol-DMSO. In addition to conventional PVP, PAA, and PHC as dispersant, poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) [54], partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) (hydrolysis=35%) [61], and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-fo-butyl methacrylate)... 

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