Inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Poliovirus vaccine, inactivated (IPV) Inactivated viruses of all three serotypes Subcutaneous See Table 1-2 for childhood schedule. Adults Two doses 4 to 8 weeks apart, and a third dose 6 to 12 months after the second One-time booster dose for adults at increased risk of exposure 1. For all chi 1 dr en 2. Previo usly unvac cinate d adults at increa sed risk for occup ational or travel expos ureto poliov iruses... 

POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED (IPV) (IPOL injection suspension of 3 types of poliovirus (types 1,2, and 3) grown in monkey kidney cell cultures)... 

Poliovirus vaccine, inactivated, is a viral vaccine that induces protective antipoliovirus antibodies, reducing pharyngeal excretion of poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3. 

The first inactivated poliovirus vaccine was introduced in the 1950s in an injectable formulation, and replaced in the 1960s by a live oral poliovirus vaccine. The oral poliovirus vaccine not only elicits systemic immunogenicity but also a localized immune response in the intestinal tract. Unfortunately, the oral poliovirus vaccine has the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis occurring in approximately 1 case of every 2.4 million doses distributed. The risk with the first dose of oral poliovirus vaccine is 1 case in 750,000 doses.11... 

The last reported case of indigenous wild-type poliovirus in the United States was in 1979 subsequent cases were all vaccine-associated. In 1997, a transition period to the inactivated poliovirus vaccine was begun to reduce the risk of vac-cine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. By January 2000, the oral vaccine was no longer recommended for routine use. Currently, the inactivated poliovirus vaccine is recommended for routine use in the United States. The oral poliovirus vaccine is still widely used in some countries where poliovirus eradication has been more difficult. 

The enhanced potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine contains all three serotypes. After two doses, more than 90% of those vaccinated will have immunity to the three serotypes... 

Two types of trivalent poliovirus vaccines are currently licensed for distribution in the United States an enhanced inactivated vaccine (IPV) and a live attenuated, oral vaccine (OPV). IPV is the recommended vaccine for the primary series and booster dose for children in the United States, whereas OPV is recommended in areas of the world that have circulating poliovirus. 

Poliomyelitis (polio) IPV (Inactivated poliovirus vaccine) OPV (Oral polio vaccine) Cell based... 

Use of Inactivated Polio Virus Vaccine and Live and Live Poliovirus Vaccine. Pediatrics 99 ... 

Preparation of the killed vaccine involves the additional steps of concentrating and purifying the viruses, followed by inactivation with formaldehyde. The final vaccine is a combination of the three serotypes with a stabilizer such as human serum albumen and possibly a preservative (5). The development of bioreactor technology suitable for preparing the cell substrates for poliovirus propagation has allowed for greater ease in preparing more potent and additionally purified inactivated poliovirus vaccines (6). 

Dragunsky EM, Ivanov AP, Abe S, Potapova SG, Enterline JC, Hashizume S, Chumakov KM. Further development of a new transgenic mouse test for the evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective properties of inactivated poliovirus vaccine. / Infect Dis 2006 194 804-60. 

Dual-chamber syringe. For delivery of two established vaccines (e.g., polyribosyl ribitol phosphate conjugated to tetanus toxoid and diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis and inactivated poliovirus vaccine) at the same time, a dual-chamber syringe delivery system can be used. The proximal chamber may contain a vaccine in the freeze-dried solid state, and the distal chamber contains a vaccine in the liquid formulation that allows reconstitution of the vaccine in the proximal chamber. The immune response by the dualchamber delivery of vaccination was equivalent to that by the separate-injection method of vaccination. The dual-chamber syringe can be used for safe and effective delivery of two different vaccines that are not yet available as a single formulation for pediatric applications. ... 

Nathanson, N. Langmuir, A.D. The cutter incident. Poliomyelitis following formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus vaccination in the United States during the spring of 1955. I. Background. Am. J. Hygiene 1963, 78, 16-28. 

Rezapkin G, Dragunsky E, Chumakov K. Improved ELISA test for the determination of potency of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV). Biologicals 2005 33 17-27. 

DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS AND ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS ADSORBED, HEPATITIS B (RECOMBINANT) AND INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE COMBINED (Pediarix injection 25 Lf diphtheria toxoid, 10 Lf tetanus toxoid, 25 meg inactivated pertussis toxin (PT), 25 meg filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), 8 meg pertactin,... 

The parent of a child about to receive the intramuscular polio vaccine, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), asks the nurse Why can t my child get the oral vaccine like I took when I was a child Which statement by the nurse is the best explanation to give the client ... 

Vaccine diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed, hepatitis B (recombinant) and inactivated poliovirus combined Pediarix Active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and all known subtypes of hepatitis B virus, and poliomyelitis immunization Sfee adverse reactions against individual vaccines. Primary immunization series 3 doses of 0.5 mLat 6-to 8-week intervals IM (first dose is 2 months of age, but may be given as early as 6 weeks of age)... 

Viral vaccines present problems of safety testing far more complex than those experienced with bacterial vaccines. With killed viral vaccines the potential hazards are those due to incomplete virus inactivation and the consequent presence of residual live virus in the preparation. The tests used to detect such live virus consist of the inoculation of susceptible tissue cultures and of susceptible animals. The cultures are examined for cytopathic effects and the animals for symptoms of disease and histological evidence of infection at autopsy. This test is of particular importance in inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, the vaccine being injected intraspinally into monkeys. At autopsy, sections of brain and spinal cord are examined microscopically for the histological lesions indicative of proliferating poliovirus. 

Polio is the only disease, at present, for which both hve and killed vaccines compete. Since the introduction of the killed vims (Salk) in 1956 and the live attenuated virus (Sabin) in 1962 there has been a remaikable decline in the incidence of poliomyelitis (Fig. 16.1). The inactivated polio vaccine (TPV) contains formalin-killed poliovirus of all three serotypes. On injection, the vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies of the IgM and IgG class which neutrahze the vims in the second stage of infection. A course of three injections at monthly intervals produces long-lasting immunity to all three poliovirus types. 

There are several combination vaccines available in the United States. One of the most popular pediatric combinations is Pediarix a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and hepatitis B vaccines. ComVax is a combination of Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis B vaccines. The most recent combination is ProQuad which contains measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines. The only combination available for adults is Twinrix which has hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. 

Following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation the patient will need virtually all routine vaccines to be administered again however, the patient will not be able to mount an adequate response for 6 to 12 months post-transplant. Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and inactivated poliovirus should be given at 12,14, and 24 months post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Inactivated influenza vaccine should be given yearly, starting 6 months after transplant. Measles, mumps and rubella can be given 2 years after transplant and varicella vaccine is contraindicated.16... 

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