Plastic to-fuel

SINGLE-STEP PROCESS CONVERTS PLASTICS TO FUEL... 

CONVERSION OF WASTE PLASTICS TO FUELS ZADGAONKAR S PROCESS... 

The reactor section of the plant consists of the reactor, which together with other equipment carries out a continuous conversion of waste plastic to fuels. The molten waste plastic, free of chlorine, nitrogen and other organic impurities, is fed in to the reactor at the top end and allowed to flow over a heated surface at 350°C in the presence of the coal and patented additives. Upon contact with the hot surface and the mixture of coal and additives, the viscous waste plastic converts to gaseous form. 

Figure 27.11 Schematic for Zadgaonkar s process for conversion of waste plastics to fuels...

Ecos, Ozmotech s plastic-to-fuel solution in demand, 130 5, 2006. 

Pyrolysis is a synonym for cracking and is the process of thermally degrading a material in the absence of O2. Specifically, the use of the term pyrolysis refers to plastic-to-fuel (PTF) technologies that handle scrap plastic through a process of thermal... 

Chemists make compounds and strive to understand their reactions. My own interest lies in the chemistry of the compounds of the elements carbon and hydrogen, called hydrocarbons. These make up petroleum oil and natural gas and thus are in many ways essential for everyday life. They generate energy and heat our houses, fuel our cars and airplanes and are raw materials for most manmade materials ranging from plastics to pharmaceuticals. Many of the chemical reactions essential to hydrocarbons are catalyzed by acids and proceed through positive ion intermediates, called carbocations. 

The chemical industry represents a 455-billion-dollar-a-year business, with products ranging from cosmetics, to fuel products, to plastics, to pharmaceuticals, health care products, food additives, and many others. It is diverse and dynamic, with market sectors rapidly expanding, and in turmoil in many parts of the world. Across these varied industry sectors, basic unit operations and equipment are applied on a daily basis, and indeed although there have been major technological innovations to processes, many pieces of equipment are based upon a foundation of engineering principles developed more than 50 years ago. 

Polyglycidyl Nit rata (Polyurethane) Propellants (PGN). A series of proplnt compns developed by both JPL of Cal Tech and the Aerojet-General Corp in the late 1950 s (Refs 2 3), using as the binder fuel a polyurethane resin prepd from PGN. JPL used either Amm Nitrate or Amm Perchlorate as the oxidizer (Ref 2), while Aerojet used Amm Perchlorate with plasticizers such as 4-Nitrazapentanonitrile (NPN) and 2,2-Pentanoate (TNENP) in a plasticizer-to-binder wt ratio of 0.6 (Ref 3). 

The Japanese Plastic Waste Management Institute is developing a process to convert PVC and other plastic waste materials to fuel oil through pyrolysis. In Eiuope, a free market for plastics waste is now being established by the European Plastics Converters over the internet. The company says it will be possible to establish market prices for recyclates at European level on a supply and demand basis. The European market for recycled plastics is currently worth around 1.18bn US dollars and is predicted to reach 2.53bn US dollars by the endof2001. WORLD... 

Davos, 14th-18th March 1994, paper 86. 8(13) PROCESSING OF PLASTICS WASTE TO FUEL -BAUFELD S CONCEPT FOR THE CEMENT INDUSTRY Ogulin H... 

The waste management situation in Austria is presented, and it is explained that Baufeld-Austria GmbH has developed a method and concept, with the eooperation of cement plant experts, to enable some Austrian eement factories to responsibly use plastics waste as an energy source. The conditions used for developing the model, relating to fuel quality, environmental proteetion, and public health, are explained. The Baufeld model for processing of plastics waste is then described. Details of future plans are included. 

It is reported that Hitachi Zosen Corp. of Japan has begun trial operation of a commercial-scale device for the conversion of waste plastic to oil. Details of the device are provided. It is also reported that Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI) has installed a pilot plant for producing gas fuel from waste plastics. The MHI system is described. 

The role of plastics in municipal solid waste combustion is discussed, and in particular, their fuel characteristics. Details are given of a state-of-art municipal solid waste combustor and the effects of plastics on the different combustion stages. In addition, the contribution of plastics to the total output spread over the various emission paths of solids, liquids and gases, is also assessed. 

Transportation - production of gasoline and diesel from petroleum, fuel additives for greater efficiency and reduced emissions, catalytic converters, plastics to reduce vehicle weight and improve energy efficiency. 

Methanol is used directly in furnaces or mixed with gasoline to fuel cars, and also is an important material for making DME and plastics (methane-to-olefin [MTO] and methane-to-propylene [MTP] processes). 

Used as a gas odorant used to manufacture methionine, plastics, jet fuel additives, pesticides, fungicides used as a catalyst and as a synthetic flavoring. 

Natural gas is a clear, odorless, tasteless gas made of very short and simple hydrocarbons, mostly methane (CH ). According to the DOE, over half of the homes in the United States are heated with natural gas. Natural gas is also used in homes to fuel stoves, hot water heaters, and clothes dryers. In industry, natural gas is a common raw ingredient in paints, plastics, fertilizers, and medicines. Before natural gas is distributed, a sulfur compound is added to it... 

In addition to fuel, oxidizer and inert/energetic plasticizer, various additives are also included in the propellant formulations in order to improve their mechanical or ballistic properties. One such additive is termed a burn-rate (ballistic) modifier which alters inherently high dependence of the burn rate on chamber pressure. The use of an additive for this purpose depends on the type of propellant, that is,... 

As discussed above, hydrocarbons (oil and gas) are used primarily as fuels to generate energy and for space heating. Refined petroleum products provide gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, lubricating oil, waxes, and asphalt. A relatively small (4%) portion of oil is used as raw material to produce chemical products essential to our everyday life ranging from plastics to textiles to pharmaceuticals, and so on. 

Polyurethane (poly- ester/polyether urethane) Hygenic Corp. (HC480ARJ Nalgene 8030 Contains no plasticizers. Can be used both for vacuum or pressure systems. Has higher chemical resistance to fuels, oils, and some solvents than does PVC tubing. Not autoclavable, stiffer than PVC, flammable, not recommended with strong acids or alkalis. 

Leading the processing growth was the expansion of twin-sheet and pressure-formed plastic products. Fueled mostly by advances in mold technology, material developments, and thermoforming machinery capabilities, technology improvements in the form of machine controls have led to machine designs that are faster and more consistent than was previously possible. As an example advanced materials and... 

Carbon black is far less resistant to the flow of electricity on its surface than the plastic resins in which the black is dispersed. Therefore, carbon black can be used to lower the resistivity of plastics, imparting antistatic, semiconductive, or conductive properties. End uses for conductive carbon blacks range from material handling bins and device carrier tapes in the electronics industry to fuel system components to semiconductive strand shielding for power cable. 

Zadgaonkar A process for converting waste plastics to hydrocarbon fuels. Chlorine from PVC is first removed by heating the molten material with coal and additives. The molten product is then passed over a surface at 350°C in the presence of coal and other additives. The hydrocarbon products volatilize and are then condensed and fractionated. Operated on a commercial scale in Nagpur, India, since 2005. 

This review focuses on some technical and practical aspects of the pyrolysis or thermal cracking of waste plastics, to yield liquid fuels and monomers as a main product. It... 

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