Plasma kinetics

Elementary Plasma Physics , Interscierice, NY (1963) 7) D.C. Montgomery, Plasma Kinetic... 

Hartmann, D., P. A. Thiirmann et al. (2004). Plasma kinetics of zeaxanthin and 3 -dehydro-lutein after multiple oral doses of synthetic zeaxanthin. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79(3) 410 -17. 

Fletcher et al. [123] used a sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the assay of primaquine in plasma and urine for studying the plasma kinetics. Preliminary studies on the effects of single and multiple oral doses were carried out. In both cases, the drug was completely removed from plasma in 24 h. The concentration of primaquine in plasma usually reached a peak 1-2 h after oral administration. The plasma elimination half-life was about 4 h. 

Prasad et al. [126] developed and used a sensitive and specific spectropho tome trie method for the estimation of primaquine to study the plasma kinetics of primaquine in Rhesus monkeys. It was observed that the drug completely disappeared from the plasma in 24 h after a single oral dose. Its concentration in the plasma reached a peak at 2 h of administration. The mean absorption and elimination half-lives were 0.36 0.08 and 3.44 0.37 h, respectively. 

Most antipsychotics have half-fives of elimination in the range of 20 to 40 hours. After dosage stabilization, most antipsychotics (except quetiapine and ziprasidone) can be dosed once daily. It may be possible to dose SGAs less often than their plasma kinetics would suggest. 

Kee, R. J. Rupley, F. M. Meeks, E. and Miller, J. A. Chemkin-III A Fortran Chemical Kinetics Package for the Analysis of Gas-Phase Chemical and Plasma Kinetics , Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND96-8216, 1996. 

Limited data are available on the pharmacokinetics of arecoline. Intravenously administered arecoline in subjects with Alzheimer s disease shows variation in the optimal dose (between 4 and 16 mg/day) due to differing plasma kinetics (Asthana et al. 1996). The mean plasma half-lives for these doses were 0.95 0.54 and 9.3 4.5 minutes, respectively. However, the mean plasma concentrations that optimized cognitive effects were 0.31 0.14 ng/ml. Drug clearance was 13.6 5.8 L/min and the volume of distribution was 205 170 L. 

F. J. Kampas, Chemical Reactions in Plasma Deposition P. A. Longeway, Plasma Kinetics... 

Erlund, L, Meririnne, E., Alfthan, G., and Aro, A., Plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of the flavanones naringenin and hesperetin in humans after ingestion of orange juice and grapefruit juice, J. Nutr., 131, 235, 2001. 

In general, the biological evaluation of hypericin in various test models is limited by its poor water solubility. It was shown in in vitro as well as in vivo studies (18,78) that the water solubility of hypericin was remarkably enhanced in the presence of procyanidins or flavonol glycosides of SJW extract. In a recent pharmacokinetic study in rats, it was shown that procyanidin B2 as well as hyperoside increased the oral bioavailability of hypericin by approximately 58% (B2) and 34% (hyperoside) (Fig. 5) (19). Procyanidin B2 and hyperoside had a different influence on the plasma kinetics of hypericin median maximal plasma levels of hypericin were detected after 360 minutes (Cmav 8.6 ng/mL) for B2, and after 150 minutes... 

Azevedo, C.H.M., Carvalho, J.P., Valduga, C.J., and Maranhao, R.C. (2005) Plasma kinetics and uptake by the tumor of a cholesterol-rich microemulsion (LDE) associated to etoposide oleatein patient with ovarian carcinoma.Gynecol. Oncol., 97 178-182. 

Estimation of plasma EC50 by linking plasma kinetics to target dynamics and building a plasma PK/PD link model. 

Plasma pantoprazole concentrations decline monophasically after oral administration, with a mean plasma terminal half-life (tj P) of 0.9 to 1.9. Despite the short i r of pantoprazole, inhibition of acid secretion, once accomplished, is long lasting, persisting after the drug has been cleared from the circulation. Thus, the plasma kinetics of pantoprazole have little bearing on its antisecretory action [1],... 

In this study, in order to better understand the fundamentals of the laser-cluster interaction, we have carried out systematic investigations of the properties of X-ray radiation from high-density and high-temperature cluster plasma created by the action of superintense laser irradiation. The interrelationship between the X-ray radiation properties and ion kinetic energies has been examined for the first time via simultaneous measurements of X-ray radiation spectra and ion energy spectra. The time scale and mechanism of the X-ray emission process are discussed here based on a time-dependent plasma kinetics model. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the practical capabilities of the X-rays thus produced, pulse X-ray diffraction from an Si crystal using this source has been examined. 

In the clinic a single slow bolus injection of 90 mg of AVI 4126 had a multi-phasic distribution plasma kinetics with half-lives of approximately 1 and 11 hours, but no data were reported on elimination half-life. The volume of distribution was roughly 250ml/kg, somewhat different than those seen in rats. Metabolites were not detected in plasma [25]. 

With the exception of reactions (19.21)—(19.23), all other processes considered in previous two sections have to be, in principle, included in a collisional scheme aiming at description of edge/divertor plasma kinetics in a broad plasma temperature range, e.g., 0.5-300 eV. In different parts of this range,... 

Kato K, Yasui-Furukori N, Fukasawa T, Aoshima T, Suzuki A, Kanno M, Otani K. Effects of itraconazole on the plasma kinetics of quazepam and its two active metabolites after a single oral dose of the drug. Ther Drug Monit 2003 25 473-7. 

While the interspecies variability in metabolism precludes the possibility of a simple allometric relationship for the plasma kinetics of ARA-C, the non-metabolic clearance by the kidney does exhibit a power-law relationship with body weight. Figure 30.7 shows the kidney clearance of ARA-C and its deami-nated product ARA-U on a log-log plot as a function of body weight for mice, monkeys, dogs, and humans. The slope is 0.80, which is essentially the same as the value of 0.77 for inulin (1). 

Like ARA-C, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is extensively and variably metabolized among species. The principal catabolic enzyme is dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Khor et al. (18) examined 5-FU plasma kinetics of mice, rats, and dogs that had been rendered functionally deficient in the enzyme by administration of an inhibitor. They compared these data with plasma... 

The physics of meteoric phenomena can be divided into three parts (1) the dynamics of meteoroid motion in the atmosphere (2) the small scale physical processes occurring in the extreme environment of a meteor and (3) the ionospheric chemical and plasma kinetics induced by atoms and molecules deposited by meteors, particularly metals. These will be briefly discussed in the following. 

Rndi, J., Raedsch, R., Gerteis, C., Schlenker, T., Plachky, J., Waiter-Sack, I., Sabourand, A., Scherrmann, J.M., Kommerell, B. Plasma kinetics and biliary excretion of colchicine in patients with chronic liver disease after oral administration of a single dose and after longterm treatment. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1994 29 346-351... 

M. Richelle, 1. Tavazzi, M. Enslen et al. Plasma kinetics in man of epicatechin from black chocolate. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53 (1999) 22-26. 

The plasma kinetics of the analgesic were describable by the following expression after the intravenous bolus dose, with Co = 45.0 and K = 0.50 h 1 ... 

---