Plant formulations

Various plants formulations have been screened and studied for the antiosteoporotic activity. Glycine max commonly known as soyabean is a plant which is exhaustively studied for its antiosteoporotic activity. Its ethanol extract as well as its constituents which are isoflavones and lignans are very active antiosteoporotic agents, which has already been proved by the number of studies. The effect of soybean ethanol extract on the activity of osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells has been studied. The extract increased survival (P<0.05) and DNA synthesis (P<0.05) of MC3T3-E1... 

With the track sprayer method, systemic translocation of absorbed glyphosate among commercial formulations was measured in roots that were shielded from the spray in velvetleaf plants. Formulation A, which showed the highest absorption (28%, Fig. 6.2.2), showed 6% translocation to roots at 24 HAT (Fig. 6.2.3) [10]. Root translocation was proportional to foliar absorption and followed the ranking of formulation A > C > B, which is also the ranking of overall plant efficacy. These results showed that, even with efficient absorption, only about one-third of the applied dose was absorbed, and only a fraction of that was translocated to the roots at 24 HAT. Since the amount translocated was proportional to that absorbed, increasing absorption would increase overall efficacy as long as translocation is not hindered in the process. 

According to the foregoing discussion, a large number of raw material and process variables must be considered when developing NPK production formulations that result in good granulation characteristics. As with the operation of an NPK granulation plant, formulation too, requires a considerable amount of skill and an element of art to ensure that the particular formulation will yield the desired results in a specific situation. 

An A)airvedic powdered preparation, "Triphala," made by combining Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belarica and Emblica officinalis, which are three plants that are rich in HTs, had good laxative property, helped in the management of hyperacidity and also improved appetite. In addition, another Ayurvedic plant formulation consisting of 5% of GA exhibited hepatoprotective activity in patients with evidence of liver disease after 8 weeks of treatment. Nonetheless, direct relation to its content in HTs should be regarded carefully as the assessment of its composition was not fully accomplished. 

In the future it will be difficult to avoid deterioration of certain characteristics such as viscosity, asphaltene and sediment contents, and cetane number. The users must employ more sophisticated technological means to obtain acceptable performance. Another approach could be to diversify the formulation of heavy fuel according to end use. Certain consuming plants require very high quality fuels while others can accept a lower quality. 

Extmsion processing is highly automated. Some extmders may process over 9 t/h, and in one Ralston Purina plant (Davenport, Iowa) 30 extmders were operating in a single location. With computer assistance, one person can operate many different extmders, and several different foods can be produced simultaneously. These maybe different formulations or different colors and shapes to be packaged singly or combined into one variety pack. The differences in variety may be attributable only to added colors or different shapes. 

The successful employment of any insecticide depends on its proper formulation into a preparation that can be appHed for insect control with safety to the apphcator, animals, and plants. Insecticides are commonly formulated as dusts, water dispersions, emulsions, and solutions. The preparation and use of such formulations involves accessory agents such as dust carriers, solvents, emulsifiers, wetting and dispersing agents, stickers, and deodorants or masking agents (1). 

Protein-Based Substitutes. Several plant and animal-based proteins have been used in processed meat products to increase yields, reduce reformulation costs, enhance specific functional properties, and decrease fat content. Examples of these protein additives are wheat flour, wheat gluten, soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, textured soy protein, cottonseed flour, oat flour, com germ meal, nonfat dry milk, caseinates, whey proteins, surimi, blood plasma, and egg proteins. Most of these protein ingredients can be included in cooked sausages with a maximum level allowed up to 3.5% of the formulation, except soy protein isolate and caseinates are restricted to 2% (44). 

Future Methanol Processes. The process route for methanol synthesis has remained basically unchanged since its inception by BASF in 1923. The principal developments have been in catalyst formulation to increase productivity and selectivity, and in process plant integration to improve output and energy efficiency while decreasing capital cost. 

Disaster Planning. Plant managers should recogni2e the possibiHty of natural and industrial emergencies and should oversee formulation of a plan of action in case of disaster. The plan should be weU documented and be made known to all personnel critical to its implementation. Practice fire and explosion drills should be carried out to make sure that all personnel, ie, employees, visitors, constmction workers, contractors, vendors, etc, are accounted for, and that the participants know what to do in a major emergency. 

These "experimental" formulations derived in the foregoing examples are only meant to be the starting formulations and must be fine-tuned based on small scale laboratory experiments before use in plant production. 

Opium is the dried, powdered sap of the unripe seed pod of Papaver somniferum, a poppy plant indigenous to Asia minor. Theophrastus described its medical properties in the third century BC, but the Sumerians, ca BC 4000, probably perceived its utility. Arab physicians knew of the dmg, and Arab traders carried it to the Orient where it was used as a treatment for dysentery. Paracelsus is credited with repopularizing the dmg in western Europe in the early sixteenth century by formulating opium into "laudanum", which is still in use. More than 20 different alkaloids (qv) of two different classes comprise 25% of the weight of dry opium. The benzylisoquinolines, characterized by papaverine [58-74-2] (1.0%), a smooth muscle relaxant, and noscapine [128-62-1] (6.0%), an antitussive agent, do not have any analgesic effects. The phenanthrenes, the second group, are the more common and include 10% morphine (1, = R = H), 0.5% codeine [76-57-3], C gH2 N03, (1, R = H, R = CH3), and 0.2 thebaine [115-37-7], C 2H2 N03, (2). 

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