Plain-weave fabric

As noted earlier, CVl is nsed primarily to form ceramic-fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. The most common of these combinations is SiC fiber/SiC matrix composites. One commercially available product has a two-dimensional 0/90 layup of plain weave fabric and fiber volume fraction of about 40%. This same composite can be fabricated with unidirectional fibers and with 45° architectures. The most commonly used SiC fiber for the preforms is Nicalon , the mechanical properties for which were provided earlier in Section 5.4.2.7. A number of other carbide and nitride fibers are also available, including Si3N4, BN, and TiC. Preform geometries can be tailored to the application in order to maximize strength and toughness in the direction of maximnm stresses. The reactions used to form the matrix are similar to those used in CVD processes (cf. Section 7.2.4) and those described previously in Eq. (3.105). 

Repp is warp-faced plain weave fabric. 

Of the 13 available attributes, three have direct relevance to the research hypothesis concerning incidence of unbalanced plain-weave fabric. These attributes are the presence of float in one set of yarns of a fabric structure, the presence of a plain weave (defined as a repeated simple alternating) interworking pattern (1/1), and the presence of layers of fabric. If all three are present, there are at least three possible interpretations ... 

Fabric. A plain weave fabric (Testfabrics 361) made from spun, delustered nylon 6,6 was used in this study. The fabric was chosen because it was representative of the type of nylon fiber used outdoors and the type of fabric used in previous photodegradation studies (21-23). 

Styrene was supplied by Monsanto Chemicals (Aust.) Ltd. and was purified by column chromatography on alumina. The cellulose used was Whatman 41 filter paper wool was plain weave fabric made from 21 y diameter Merino wool fibres polyethylene (low density) was supplied as film (0.005") from Union Carbide polypropylene was Isotactlc, doubly oriented film (0.002") ex-Shell PVC film (0.04") was commercially available GVan material. 

Another study by Hong et al. also reports the preparation of conducting PANI/nylon-6 composites with high electrical conductivity and superior mechanical properties, such as flexibility and lightness [24]. PANI was chemically polymerized on the surface of the nylon-6 electrospun nanofiber webs. The electrical conductivity measurements showed that the conductivity of the PANI/nylon-6 composite electrospun fiber webs was superior to that of PANI/nylon-6 plain-weave fabrics because of the high surface area/volume ratios. The volume conductivities of the PANI/nylon-6 composite electrospun fiber webs increased from 0.5 to 1.5 S cm as the di sion time increased from 10 min to 4h because of the even distribution of PANI in the electrospun fiber webs. However, the surface conductivities of the PANI/nylon-6 composite electrospun fiber webs somewhat decreased from 0.22 to 0.14 S cm as the di sion time increased, probably because PANI was contaminated with aniline monomers, aniline oligomers, and some alkyl chains, which served as electrical resistants. 

Naik GN, Ganeshi VK. Prediction of on-axes elastic properties of plain weave fabric composites. Compos Sci Technol 1992 45 135-52. 

Barbero EJ, Trovillion J, Mayugo JA, Sikkil KK. Finite element modeling of plain weave fabrics from photomicrograph measurements. Compos Struct 2006 73 41-52. 

Weave pattern plain weave fabric 2x2 basket weave (or panama) 2x2 twill weave 4x1 satin weave. 

TABLE 4. Mechanical properties of C/SiC composites reinforced with plain-weave fabrics [44]... 

Two screening studies have been done on the dielectric properties of an SiOC-Nextel 312 BN composites. In the first study in 1992 by Lockheed Missiles, a frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz was used and the properties were measured by either a Horn-Lens dielectrometer or a Fabry-Perot resonator system. All measurements were taken at room temperature. The composites were prepared from eight plies of AF-14 plain weave fabric. Four infiltration cycles were used for densification. The total porosity of the composites was about 11 %. The data generated for the Nextel 312 system are shown in Figure 20. Note that as an additional processing variable, two test specimens were heated in air (at 450°C and at 750°C) to remove any residual carbon. 

Other types of woven fabrics used as filter media are the twill and satin weaves. In the twiU weave, yam is woven over two and under one for a 2/1 twill and over three and under one for a 3/1 twill weave. The twill weave fabrics allow good flow rates and do not retain particles as well as the plain weave as a result, the filters do not blind as fast as the plain weave fabric filters. In the satin weave fabrics, the yams are woven over one and under four in both directions. These types of fabrics are not very effective in retaining particles but have the best cake release characteristics therefore, the filters can be cleaned with comparative ease. Woven fabric area densities are typically in the range of 200-500 gm" ... 

PLA plain weave fabric sample of 24S.2S g/m, 0.8S mm in thickness formed by 29.S warp yams/cm of 41.5 tex and 14 weft yanis/tmi of 92 tex were used. The sanqile were washed using non-ionic surfactant, rinsed and then dried in standard atmosphere. 

Figure 21.2 Interaction of textile technology and composite engineering to form rigid fiber assemblies. Source Reprinted with permission from Hearle JWS, Du GW, J Text Inst, 81(4), 1980. (a) Knitted stmchire with repeated reversal of yam directions, (b) Simple plain weave fabric with threads continuous in X and Y directions, (c) Triaxial weave fabric, (d) Braid with yams at 9 to axis, (e) Triaxial braid. Copyright 1980, The Textile Institute.

Figure 21.7 Plain weave fabric. Source Reprinted from SP Systems, Newport, lOW, technical data with kind permission.

Two different flax fabrics (Figure 5.3) are used in this study. The first one is a plain weave fabric with an areal weight of 280 19 g/m, manufactured by Groupe Depestele (France) [38]. The fabric is not balanced, as the space between the weft tows (1.59 0.09 mm) is different to the one between the warp tows (0.26 0.03 mm). The widths... 

Figure 5.3 (a) Plain weave fabric (b) flax tow (c) detailed view of flax tow (d) twill weaves fabrics. 

Figure 5.11 Plain weave fabric tensile behavior of the weft tows during a biaxial test.

Biaxial tests were carried out to study the tensile behavior of the flax fabric. The results showing the biaxial behaviour of the fabric in the weft direction are presented for the plain weave fabric in Figure 5.11 for different values of the parameter kt. The parameter kt = e e is defined as the ratio between the strain in the weft direction (e ) over... 

Figure 5.14 Plain weave fabric tensile strains comparison during forming.

Burlap lbor- lap [origin unknown[ (ca. 1696) n. A coarse, heavy, plain weave fabric constructed from singles yarn of jute. Used for bags, upholstery lining, in curtains and draperies. 

Challis sha-le [prob. fr. the name Challis] (ca. 1837) n. Avery soft, lightweight, plain-weave fabric, usually printed with a delicate floral pattern. The name is derived from the Anglo-Indian term shalee meaning soft. 

Duck dok [Du dock cloth akin to OHGr tuoh cloth] (1640) n. A compact, firm, heavy, plain weave fabric with a weigh of 6-50 oz/yard. Plied yarn duck has plied yarn in both warp and filling. Flat duck has a warp of two single yarns woven as one and a filling of either single or plied yarn. 

Homespun - Sp3n (1591) adj. Coarse plain-weave fabric of uneven yarns that have a handspun appearance. 

Hopsacking hap- sak- [ME hopsak sack for hops, fr. hoppe hop + sak sack] (1888) n. A coarse, open, basket-weave fabric that gets its name from the plain-weave fabric of jute or hemp used for sacking in which hops are gathered. 

Madras ma-dr3s ma- dras, - dras [Madras, India] (ca. 1830) n. A lightweight, plain weave fabric with a striped, checked, or plaid pattern. True madras is guaranteed to bleed . 

Nainsook nan- Suk [Hindi nainsukh, fr. nain eye -F sukh delight] (1790) n. A fine, lightweight, plain-weave fabric, usually of combed cotton. The fabric is often mercerized to produce luster and is finished soft. Nainsook is chiefly used for infants wear, lingerie, and blouses. 

Nun s veiling n. A soft, lightweight, plain-weave fabric that usually comes in black and white, nun s veiling is a rather flimsy, open fabric but always of high quality. It may be made from fine woolen yarn or yarns spun from manufactured fibers such as nylon, acryhc, or polyester. 

Ondule n. A general term for plain-weave fabrics of silk, cotton, or manufactured fiber having a wavy effect produced by weaving the warp or filling, but usually the filling, in a wavy line. An ondule reed is generally used to produce this effect, often in a leno weave to emphasize the wave. Ondule is used for dress fabrics. 

Organza or- gan-z9 [prob. alter, of Lorganza, a trademark] (1820) n. A stiff, thin, plain weave fabric made of silk, nylon, acrylic, or polyester, organza is used primarily in evening and wedding attire for women. 

Poplin pa-pbn [F papeline] (1710) n. A plain-weave fabric of various fibers characterized by a rib effect in the filling direction. 

Print cloth n. A medium weight, plain-weave fabric made of carded yarns, usually cotton or polyester/cotton blends, with counts fi om 28 to 42s. Millions of yards of print cloth are printed annually and other... 

Taffeta ta-fo-t9 [ME, fr. MF taffetas, fr. Olt taffeta, fr. Turkish tafta, fr. Persian taftah woven] (14c) n. A plain-weave fabric with a fine, smooth, crisp hand, and usually a lustrous appearance. Taffeta fabric usually has a fine cross rib made by using a heavier filling yarn than warp yarn. Taffetas are produced in solid colors, yarn-dyed plaids and stripes, and prints. Changeable and... 

Schematics illustrating the structures of (a) plain weave fabric, (b) weft-knitted fabric and (c) warp-knitted fabric. 

---