Flax fabric

Flax fabrics (linen) have an excellent hand, fair abrasion resistance, fair pilling resistance, good stability to repeated launderings, fair sunlight resistance, excellent colorfastness. veiy poor wash and wear performance, and poor wrinkle resistance. 

Kim S, Lopez C, Guebitz G et al (2008) Biological coloration of flax fabrics with flavonoids using laccase from Trametes hirsuta. Eng Life Sci 8 324-330... 

Bhattacharya and Shah [26] studied the influence of environment-friendly enzyme treatment of flax fabrics using BGLU enzyme with hemicellulase and pectinase activities. Under optimal conditions of enzymalysis, weight loss was in the region of 12%, similar to that obtained by conventional caustic soda treatment (10 16%). In addition, the fabrics had improved absorbency, whiteness, and dyeability with tolerable loss of tensile strength. 

Bhattacharya and Shah [26] found enzymatic treatment to be more beneficial compared with the conventional caustic soda treatment for removing noncellulosics from flax fabrics. The dye uptake of both direct (124.7%) and reactive dyes (106.2%) appears to increase with enzymatic treatment relative to conventional caustic soda treatment. 

Bhattacharya, S.D. Shah, J.N., Enzymatic treatments of flax fabric, Textile Research Journal 74 (7) 622-628 (2004). 

Two different flax fabrics (Figure 5.3) are used in this study. The first one is a plain weave fabric with an areal weight of 280 19 g/m, manufactured by Groupe Depestele (France) [38]. The fabric is not balanced, as the space between the weft tows (1.59 0.09 mm) is different to the one between the warp tows (0.26 0.03 mm). The widths... 

Biaxial tests were carried out to study the tensile behavior of the flax fabric. The results showing the biaxial behaviour of the fabric in the weft direction are presented for the plain weave fabric in Figure 5.11 for different values of the parameter kt. The parameter kt = e e is defined as the ratio between the strain in the weft direction (e ) over... 

An initial square specimen of the flax fabric is positioned with six blank holders placed on specific places around the tetrahedron pxmch. On each of them a pressure of one bar is applied. The maximum depth of the pxmch is 150 mm. At the end of the forming... 

Table 9.16 Tensile properties of flax fabric reinforced GA-SPC composites and flax...

Chahha, S. and Netravali, A.N., Green Composites Using Modified Soy Protein Concentrate Resin and Flax Fabrics and Yams, Japan Soc. of Mech. Eng. (JSME) International Journal, 2004, 47, 556. 

It was reported that the efiect of surface modification of flax on the ILSS of two-directional flax fabric/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biocomposites [121]. The ILSS values of the surface-treated flax fabric/PHBV biocomposites were greater than that of with untreated fabric. The plasma-treated specimen exhibited ILSS values greater than those for the acetylated one in comparison with the untreated specimens. The explanation for this was that aliphatic moieties with greater hydrophobicity may be formed on the fiber surfaces by ethylene plasma. It was noted that both acetylation and plasma treatment played an important role in improving the interfacial properties of flax/PHBV biocomposites, suggesting that the ethylene plasma treatment was more efiective. 

Cho, D., Lee, S.M., Lee, S.G., and Park, W.H. (2006) Effect of acetylation and plasma treatment on the interfacial and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate[Pg.175]

PU-based green composites have already shown promise in the automotive industry, using fibers such as jute and ramie to manufacture parts such as door Hnings. However, PUs, one of the most versatile thermosetting materials, have been used as a biocomposite matrix in only a limited number of research reports Bledzki et al. [34], for instance, have come up with an experiment-based approximation model relating the static mechanical properties of jute and flax fabric-reinforced PU microfoams with microvoid content The mechanical performance and properties of other thermoset biocomposites, such as coir fiber-reinforced ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [35] and oil palm fiber-reinforced poly(allyl methacrylate)... 

Chabba, S. and Netravali, A. (2005) Green composites Part 1 characterization of flax fabric and glutaraldehyde modified soy protein concentrate composites. J. Mater. Sci., 40 (23), 6263-6273. 

Yan, L., Chouw, N., Jayaraman, K. Effect of UV and water spraying on the mechanical propaties of flax fabric reinforced polyma- composites used for civil engineering applications. Mato. Des. 71, 17—25 (2015)... 

Kumar, R., Yakabu, M. K., and Anandjiwala, R. D. (2010) Effect of mont-morillonite clay on flax fabric reinforced poly lactic acid composites with amphiphilic additives. Compos Part A, 41,1620-1627. 

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