Fibers Characterization

Analysis of the above formulas leads one to conclusion that ultimate attainable strength of material increases with the increasing scatter of the strength of fine fibers characterized by good adhesion to the matrix and is lower for fibers with larger diameters and poorer adhesion. 

Wool is a natural protein fiber characterized by the scaly structure of its external surface-cuticle (Fig. 1). This structure, i.e. the stiffness of cuticle and smoothness of the epicuticle as well as the ability of wool to contract, causes the shrinking of wool fabric during mechanical washing processes. 

Silicon-containing preceramic polymers are useful precursors for the preparation of ceramic powders and fibers and for ceramic binder applications (i). Ceramic fibers are increasingly important for the reinforcement of ceramic, plastic, and metal matrix composites (2, 3). This chapter will emphasize those polymer systems that have been used to prepare ceramic fibers. An overview of polymer and fiber processing, as well as polymer and fiber characterization, will be described to illustrate the current status of this field. Finally, some key issues will be presented that must be addressed if this area is to continue to advance. 

Characterization, Characterization work at all stages of fiber processing, as illustrated in Figure 1, is important. The discussion in this chapter will be limited to certain aspects of polymer and ceramic fiber characterization, which will be illustrated with poly(methylsilane) (MPS) and HPZ polymers and the ceramic fibers derived from these polymers. 

Wang C et al (2010) Biodegradable core/shell fibers by coaxial electrospinning processing, fiber characterization, and its application in sustained drug release. Macromolecules 43(15) 6389-6397... 

U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,267 (November 8, 1983). A.Y. Coran and L.A. Lloyd. Method for treating discontinuous cellulose fibers characterized by specific polymer to plasticizer and polymer-plasticizer to fiber ratios, fibers thus treated and composites made from the treated fibers. 

In the following section (Sect. 5) an overview will be given over thin SiC fibers characterized by small diameters of one to few tens of a micrometer and produced via the polymer route (in most cases). This kind of fiber is applied as rovings consisting of some hundred up to more than a thousand single filaments, so-called multifilament fibers, which may be woven and is predominantly used for reinforcing brittle matrices (ceramics and glasses). 

D. Pasquini, M. N. Belgacem, A. Gandini, and A. A. D. Curvelo, Surface esterification of cellulose fibers Characterization by DRIFT and contact angle measurements, J. Colloid Interface Set, 295 (2006) 79-83. 

Filament A single, thread-like fiber or a number of these fibers put together. A variety of fiber characterized by extreme length, which permits their use in yarn with little or no twist and usually without the spinning operation required for fibers. As an example, it is a form of glass that has been drawn to a small diameter and extreme length. Most filaments are less than 0.005 in. (0.013 cm) in diameter. 

Considerable improvement in the production rates resulted from the introduction of frictional texturing [226], This process uses friction wheels. Essentially, one wheel revolution produces a fiber characterized by a twist number that parallels the ratio of the friction wheel diameter to the fiber diameter. Industrially practiced frictional texturing processes use a variety of wheels and are characterized by a delivery rate that approaches values in the range of 1000m/min . Gall presents a detailed account of this process [224]. 

Kolattukudy (1984) states that cutin is a network of interesterified hydroxyl fatty acids embedded in a layer of waxy material. Loss of a constituent of the cuticle (i.e., 16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid) may best provide an indication of the degree of retting (Morrison and Akin 2001). Wax evaluations of high and low quality flax fiber have indicated that an inverse relationship exists between the amount of palmitic acid, sinapylaldehyde, and sinapyl alcohol and fiber quality (Morrison and Archibald 1998). Some fiber characterization studies have been performed, which have created preliminary testing procedures for analyzing natural fibers... 

Abstract Pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) have long been known as textile materials in many countries. Despite being mechanically excellent and environmentally sound, PALF are the least-studied natural fibers, especially for reinforcing composites. This article presents a survey of research works carried out on PALF and PALF-reinforced composites. It reviews PALF extraction, fiber characterization, and PALF applications, modification of PALF, and manufacture and properties of PALF-reinforced composites. With increasing importance of pineapple and pineapple plantation area, value-added applications of PALF as reinforcing fibers in polymer composites must be developed in order to increase resource potential of pineapple and consequently energize the utilization of PALF. 

Panthapulakkal S, Sain M (2007) Agro-residue reinforced high-density polyethylene composites fiber characterization and analysis of composite properties. Compos A 38 1445-1454... 

Poplin pa-pbn [F papeline] (1710) n. A plain-weave fabric of various fibers characterized by a rib effect in the filling direction. 

Manufacturing nonwovens using recycled fibers containing spandex 153 Table 10.8 Waste fiber characterization after second carding... 

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