Pilot scale membranes

Kimura, K., Yamato, N., Yamamura, H. and Watanabe, Y. (2005) Membrane fouling in pilot-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater. Environmental Science e[ Technology, 39, 6293-6299. 

Koukou MK, Papayannakos N, Markatos NC, Bracht M, Van Veen HM, and Roskam A. Performance of ceramic membranes at elevated pressure and temperature Effect of non-ideal flow conditions in a pilot scale membrane separator. J. Membr. Sci. 1999 155(2) 241-259. 

X. J. Chai, G. H. Chen, P. L. Yue, and Y. L. Mi, Pilot scale membrane separation of electroplating waste water by reverse osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science 123,235-242 (1997). J. D. Seader and E. J. Henley, Separation Process Principles, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1998. 

Pilot-Scale Membrane FUtration Process for the Recovery of an Extracellular Bacterial... 

Figure 2a. Flow Diagram of Two-Stage Pilot Scale Membrane Filtration Process for Recovery of an Extracellular Protease...

Yeon S-H, Lee K-S, Sea B, Park Y-I, Lee K-H. Application of pilot-scale membrane contactor hybrid system for removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas. J Membr Sci 2005 257 156-160. 

Pilot-scale membrane modules were fabricated for PDU tests... 

Evaluate the ITM Syngas/ITM H2 processes using PDU data Conduct long-term stability tests of tubular membranes and seals at high pressure Demonstrate performance of pilot-scale membrane modules in PDU Complete membrane module design and select catalysts for the SEP Commission the ceramic Production Development Facility and fabricate SEP membranes Design and fabricate the SEP reactor... 

ITM S mgas Membrane and Module Design and Fabrication," membrane reactors will be designed for the ITM S mgas/ITM H2 processes at the PDU, SEP and commercial scales. Pilot-scale membrane modules will be fabricated for testing in the PDU. Fabrication of the membrane reactor modules will be scaled up in a Production Development Facility to supply the requirements of the SEP. 

The design of the full-scale membrane for the SEP was completed. SEP membrane fabrication development commenced with the fabrication of SEP membrane components. The rapid scale-up in in ceramic membranes is shown in Figure 5. Lab-scale membranes were developed in 1999-2000 in conjunction with initial materials development and were used to demonstrate oxygen separation performance. Pilot-scale membranes were developed in 2000-2001 and have a 40-fold increase in membrane area over the lab-scale membranes. 

The pilot-scale membranes are being used to demonstrate membrane performance at commercial process conditions in the PDU. Fabrication methods that were developed at the pilot scale are being scaled-up for full-size membranes. Full-size membranes are currently under development and have a 180-fold increase in membrane area over the lab-scale membranes. 

J. Ali, A. Baiker, Dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane to toluene in a pilot-scale membrane reactor, Appl. Catal. A 1997, 155(1), 41-57. 

Of the various planar membrane designs that have appeared in the patent literature, development of the design from the Air Products consortium appears to have advanced the most. They have scaled up membranes from the laboratory scale to fuU commercial size as shown in Fig. 8.5 [21]. The membrane area has been scaled up by a factor of over 300 from the laboratory scale to the commercial scale membrane. Pilot scale membranes have been operated in a process development unit at pressures up to 425 psig (3 MPa) and temperatures up to 900 °C at commercial fluxes. Although other organizations have reported designs of planar membranes, there have been no reports from these organizations on the fabrication of planar membranes nor on the operation of planar membranes under commercially relevant conditions. 

Figure 8.5 The progression of scale up of the Air Products syngas membranes, from laboratory sizes membrane at the left, through a single pilot scale membrane, a three wafer high stack of pilot scale membranes to the commercial size membrane at the right.

The possibility to efficiently remove carbon dioxide by membrane contactors has been demonstrated by many researchers. Yeon and coworkers, for example, applied a pilot-scale membrane contactor hybrid process to recover CO2 from flue gas [3], They used a polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) hoUow-flber (HF) membrane module, realized at KRICT (Korea) for treating a gas mixture made of 11 vol% CO2 and 89 vol% N2 with an absorbent stream containing 0.34 M triethanolamine (TEA) and 0.82 M monethanolamine (MEA). The gas... 

As far as other MIEC membrane materials are concerned. Tan et al. developed a pilot-scale membrane system (shown in Figure 4.17) comprising 889 LSCF6428... 

Caro (2010) reports the realization of a pilot-scale membrane contactor reactor for selective hydrogenation at Bayer technology Services GmbH. Therefore, due to the results being proved not only in academic laboratory experiments, but also by using small demonstration units, industry will probably become more and more interested. 

Dvarioniene J., Stasiskiene Z. and Knudsen H. H. (2003), Pilot scale membrane filtration study on reuse of rinsing water after reactive cotton dyeing . Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, No.3, 3-11. 

Work at the University of Dortmund (Buchaly et al 2007) has introduced membrane separation units downstream of a reactive distillation process, as illustrated in Figure 6.13. The authors studied the heterogeneously catalysed n-propyl propionate synthesis from 1-propanol and propionic acid. Experiments were carried out on a pilot scale membrane unit to examine how effective the membrane was for the dewatering of the binary 1-propanol-water mixture (see Section 6.5 on drying for other membrane dewatering data). 

Di Fabio, S., Lampis, S., Zanetti, L., Cecchi, F Fatone, F. (2013b) Role and characteristics of problematic biofilms within the removal and mobility of trace metals in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor. Process... 

---