Bayer technology

It is of interest to examine the development of the analytical toolbox for rubber deformulation over the last two decades and the role of emerging technologies (Table 2.9). Bayer technology (1981) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of rubbers and elastomers consisted of a multitechnique approach comprising extraction (Soxhlet, DIN 53 553), wet chemistry (colour reactions, photometry), electrochemistry (polarography, conductometry), various forms of chromatography (PC, GC, off-line PyGC, TLC), spectroscopy (UV, IR, off-line PylR), and microscopy (OM, SEM, TEM, fluorescence) [10]. Reported applications concerned the identification of plasticisers, fatty acids, stabilisers, antioxidants, vulcanisation accelerators, free/total/bound sulfur, minerals and CB. Monsanto (1983) used direct-probe MS for in situ quantitative analysis of additives and rubber and made use of 31P NMR [69]. 

Bayer Technology Services has introduced BayAPS PP in a factory producing about 40 pigment dispersions in 80 different packings on several production lines with a common packing station. 

Currently Bayer Technology Services considers extending the software BayAPS PP to compute the optimal split of a product between several production lines or factories that can produce it. This split is influenced by uncertain demand with different characteristics in different regions, different cost oftransport and different production cost in the factories. This means that different marginal incomes for the same product occur depending on the place of production and/or the customer group which receives it. The mathematical formulation ofthe optimization criterion again is to maximize the expected service. This has already been solved for several types of constraints. 

PK-Map and PK-Sim (Bayer Technology Services, Wuppertal, Germany), that are based on the models described by Willman et al. [54], In these software packages, the intestinal permeability coefficient can be calculated using a compound s lipophilicity and molecular weight [52,54] and hence, no experimental permeability data is needed. Different to the model described by Willman et al. [54], the commercial prediction tools model the dissolution rate taking the particle size distribution of the solid particles into account (www.pk-sim.com). 

R. Dohrn, Bayer Technology Services, European Symposium on Applied Thermodynamics, Lahnstein, 2003. 

One objective of presenting screw models in this book is to proceed from the simple to the more difficult. With this in mind, the descriptions have focused on models based on reliable principles. The contributors from Bayer Technology Services have intentionally not included descriptions of some models for processing steps, as these models require further... 

Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany... 

Dr.-Ing. Klemens Kohlgruber, Bayer Technology Services GmbH, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany Translation ... 

Bayer Schering Pharma AG Bayer Healthcare Bayer MaterialScience Bayer Business Services Bayer Technology Services Currents GmbH Co. 

Chonghun Han, Seoul National University, South Korea Martin Wolf, Bayer Technology Services, Germany... 

Armen Instruments Bayer Technology Services Dan Process A/S Eastern Rivers Inc. 

Bayer Technology Services GmbH Process Management Technology Advanced Manufacturing Solutions APC... 

Even harder were the last 20 years for tool builders. Tool builders of our partner Bayer are now with Bayer Technology Services. Aspen swallowed Hyprotech and Icarus, among others resulting in internal re-organization, which did not favor our collaboration. The German company innotec, however, has been cooperating with us for many years. 

In contrast to the case studies described before, which deal with design processes, the case study described in this subsection addresses an operational process In cooperation with Bayer Technology Services (BTS), the start-up process of a semi-batch column has been investigated [436]. 

Computer-assisted work process modeling in chemical engineering (cf. Sect. 7.3) T2 Al, Il Air Products, BASF, Bayer Technology Services, Siemens... 

Engineering services of MSR Bayer Technology Services [66], Alfa Laval [67]... 

Caro (2010) reports the realization of a pilot-scale membrane contactor reactor for selective hydrogenation at Bayer technology Services GmbH. Therefore, due to the results being proved not only in academic laboratory experiments, but also by using small demonstration units, industry will probably become more and more interested. 

Bayer Technology Services Crystallization Building E41 51368 Leverkusen Germany... 

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