Oxygen separator

Double Substitution In such processes, two substitutions take place simultaneously. For example, in perovskite oxides, La may be replaced by Sr at the same time as Co is replaced by Fe to give solid solutions Lai Sr Coi yFey03 5. These materials exhibit mixed ionic and electronic conduction at high temperatures and have been used in a number of applications, including solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen separation. 

Fig. 5. Exploded view of an ion-exchange membrane electrochemical oxygen separator. Oxygen removal characteristics of the flow-through type oxygen removal system are shown. Air cathode area = 100 cm2, water temperature = 40 °C.

Fig. 6. Polarization of the oxygen separator. Air cathode area = 10 cm2 water temperature = 40 °C air feed = 4 dm3/min.

Fig. 8. Three-chamber peroxide-based oxygen separator.

Ibsen, K., Equipment design and cost estimation for small modular biomass systems, synthesis gas cleanup, and oxygen separation equipment, Contract Report NREL/SR-510-39943, NREL Technical Monitor, Section 2, May 2006. 

Electropox [Electrochemical partial oxidation] Also called Pox. An electrochemical process for oxidizing methane to syngas. It combines the partial oxidation and steam reforming of methane with oxygen separation in a single stage. Invented in 1988 by T. J. Mazanec at BP Chemicals. An industrial-academic consortium to develop the process was formed in 1997. 

There has been considerable interest in Ce02 as a component of solid oxide fuel cells, especially as an anode material, and also for use in oxygen separation membranes. The material shows a wide nonstoichiometry range, with oxygen vacancies as the... 

Figure 15. The mean trajectories of amylosic chains based on the rigid residue (filled circles) and relaxed residue (open circles) models projected into the XY plane of a coordinate system attached to a terminal residue. Circles represent the mean positions of successive glycosidic oxygens in the primary sequence. The persistence vector (mean end-to-end vector) for a chain of x residues is the vector (not shown) connecting the origin and the mean position of the glycosidic oxygen separated from it along the chain by x virtud bonds.

The conformation (LXXX) has been confirmed [306a] by a single-crystal X-ray analysis of xylocholine bromide. The methyl-carbon to oxygen separation is 2 949 0 009A... 

Long intermolecular contacts have been observed (44) for Sc ax ac)3. The shortest H—H and C—H contacts are 2.49 and 2.95 A respectively. All O—H s are about 3 A except for one contact of 2.56 A. The average intrachelate oxygen-oxygen separation ( bite ) is about 2.715 A while the interchelate separations have two average values 2.956 A for the oxygens in plane and related by the Cs axis whereas the value for those between these planes is 3.095 A (cf. see tropolonate complex). 

Xenon is produced by the fractionai distiilation of air, mostly in oxygen separation plants with a daily o>ygen production of over 1000 tonnes. It has been estimated that the lowest hourly cost achievable with near conventionai anaesthetic equipment and techniques is 160- 180 for a 70/30 xenon/o) gen mixture. 

Reichert, D., Metzler, M. Henschler, D. (1980) Decomposition of the neuro- and nephrotoxic compound dichloroacetylene in the presence of oxygen separation and identification of novel products. J. environ. Pathol. Toxicol., 4, 525-532... 

F. T. Ciachhi, Ceramic Membrane Technologies for Oxygen Separation, ... 

It can be seen that the low luminosity cut-off of the luminosity function can be reproduced, even for a large age of the Galactic disk, if carbon and oxygen separate. 

Many carboxylic acids exist in the free state as hydrogen-bonded dimers with an oxygen-oxygen separation (between oxygens linked to the same carbon atom) close to 220 pm. Replacement of these hydrogens by two metal atoms results in the close approach of the two metal atoms.28 Much of the interest in these dinuclear paddlewheel systems has been generated by a need to understand the nature of these metal-metal interactions. The natural desire of chemists is to use formal bond orders as an index of this interaction and much has been published to this end. However, there are growing indications that such a formal concept is not entirely appropriate for such systems.29... 

---