Picrasma excelsa

Ephedra distachya, Fritillaria verticillata, Justicia adhatoda, Lobelia siphilitica, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Pedicularis palustris, P. canadensis, Physalis alkekengi, P franchetti, P pubescene, Picrasma excelsa, Swertia chirata, Valeriana officinalis, Veratrum viride, Verbena officinalis, Viscum album... 

M. arvensis, M. officinalis, Menyanthes trifoliata, Peucedanum graveolens Picrasma excelsa, Pimpinella anisum, Stellaria media, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Viburnum opulus, V prunifolium... 

Ailanthus altissima, A. glandulosa, Picrasma excelsa Ailanthus altissima, A. glandulosa, Picrasma excelsa Acalypha indica... 

Actinidia polygama, Citrus aurantium, Prunella vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, Sesamum indicum Avena sativa, Daucus carota, Hippophae rhamnoides, Rosa canina, R. damascena, R. gallica Lycium barbarum, Moms alba, Picrasma excelsa, Ribes nigmm Lycium barbarum... 

These compounds are pyrido[c,fc]indoles and the first to be identified (245) was isolated from Picrasma excelsa (78TL2777). Subsequently, the 4-methoxy derivative 246 (83CPB3198), which was a powerful inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase (84CPB1872), and picrasidine 247 (85CPB4901) were also obtained. 

SimarubacecB or Ailanthus Family.—A family of chiefly tropical shrubs or trees containing bitter principles. The leaves are alternate and pinnate. The flowers are dioecious or polygamous and arranged in axillary panicles Picrasma excelsa) or racemes Quassia amara). The plants are distinguished from those of the Rutacea by the absence of secretory cavities. 

Botanical origin Picrasma excelsa Quassia amara... 

Derivation The wood or bark of Picrasma excelsa or Quassia amara. 

QUASSIA, Quassiac lignum L. is the wood from Quassia amara L., or Picrasma excelsa Planchon, family Simarubaceae. (Fig. 8)... 

Quassia amara and Picrasma excelsa, native species of the tropics, primarily of South America and the West Indies, and other shrubby trees contain bitter substances toxic to sucking insects. In plant protection practice an aqueous extract is prepared from Quassia chips ( quassia ) at the site of application. Since the active substance decompose in water the aqueous extract is sprayed immediately after appropriate dilution. 

Quasslae lignum Quassia wood Quassia amara L. SURINAM Picrasma excelsa PLANCH. Simarubaceae MD Secotriterpenes (simariibalides) -0.25% quassin, neoquassin and 18-hydroxy-quassin (0.1%-0J.5%). Bl of the drug, 40000-50000 Bl of quassin/neoquassin, 17 x 10 Fig. 10... 

Three alkaloids occur in Picrasma excelsa (Swartz) Planchon, in association with bitter principles of the quassin group. Two of these were identified as canthin-6-one and 5-hydroxy-6-methoxycanthin-6-one the third is new, and was shown to be N-methoxy-l-vinyl-/8-carboline (12). The presence of an N-methoxy-group in indole alkaloids is rare, the only other examples known at present being gelsedine and 1,5-dimethoxygramine. 

Picramide. See 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline Picraminic acid. See 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol Picrasa-1,12-diene-1,11,16-trione, 2,12-dimethoxy-. SeeQuassin Picrasma excelsa. See Quassia Picric acid... 

Synonyms Bitter ash Bitter wood Picrasma excelsa Quassia amara Definition Wood of Picrasma exceisa or Quassia amara, contg. bitter principle quassin Properties YIsh-wh. to bright yel. chips or fibrous coarse grains, si. odor, very bitter taste Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals bitter tonic medicine (anthelmintic) extract as fly poison on flypaper surrogate for hops hair lotion alcohol denaturant... 

Under the name of quassia or quassia wood Quassiae lignum), two indiscriminate species were then sold in Europe Quassia amara (mainly root, wood and stems) and Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch, (formerly Picraena excelsa (Sw.) Lindley) or Jamaican quassia (trunk wood) [17,18, 20]. Quassia wood was initially used as an antiseptic, for meat preservation and as antipyretic. But because of its bitter principles its main recommendation was as a digestive and tonic [17, 21]. Q. amara was rapidly registered in various European pharmacopoeias, alone or with other Simaroubaceae species with the same reputation, such as Picrasma excelsa or Simarouba amara Aubl. [22-25]. The reputation of quassia wood then spread to the United States, where the medicinal use of cups mostly made of Q. amara wood became popular [26]. Meanwhile, a few Simaroubaceae were registered in North American official pharmaceutical documents, such as the King s American Dispensatory [27] or the United States Dispensatory [28]. 

Ailanthus altissima, Brucea antidysenterica, Picrasma excelsa. Quassia africana. Quassia undulata, Simaba cedron, and Simarouba amara are also used as anthelmintics. 

Lastly, three Simaroubaceae species are described as antivenom Brucea antidysenterica. Quassia amara, and Simaba cedron, with a veiy strong convergence of use for the cotyledons of Simaba cedron seeds in South America). Brucea antidysenterica, Brucea javanica, Eurycoma longifolia. Quassia undulata, and Picrasma javanica are known as antidotes to food poisoning or other types poisoning. Central nervous system troubles, such as dementia, nervousness, and epilepsy, and alcohol addiction are treated with preparations of Ailanthus altissima. Quassia undulata, Simarouba amara, or Picrasma excelsa. 

Wagner H, Nestler T, Neszmelyi A 1979 New constituents from Picrasma excelsa. Planta Med 36 113-118... 

Picrasma excelsa is a tree with a trunk diameter of 0.5-1 m up to about 25 m high native to the West Indies and growing in Jamaica and other Caribbean Islands. Quassia amara is a shrub or small tree up to about 3 mhigh native to northern South America and growing in Surinam, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and other tropical American countries. Part used is the wood. 

Nestler, T., G. Tittel, and H. Wagner Quantitative Bestimmung der Bitter Quassinoide von Quassia amara und Picrasma excelsa. Planta Medica 38, 204 (1980). 

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