Native species

Land used for the production of adapted, introduced, or native species in a pure stand, grass mixture, or a grass-legume mixture. 

Eor practical purposes, the sapwood of all species may be considered to be susceptible to biodeterioration. The heartwood of some species, however, contains toxic extractives that protect it against biological attack. Among the native species that have decay-resistant or highly decay-resistant heartwood are bald cypress, redwood, cedars, white oak, black locust, and black walnut (60). Douglas-fir, several of the pines, the larches, and honey locust... 

Comparative Decay Resistance of Heartwood of Native Species, Research Note PPL 0153, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eorest Service, Eorest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wise., 1967. 

Weissman, J.S., Kim, P.S. Kinetic role of non-native species in the folding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 9900-9904, 1992. 

Oechel, W. C. and Strain, B. R. (1985). Native species responses to increased carbon dioxide concentration. In "Direct Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation" (B. R. Strain and J. D. Cure, eds), pp. 117-154. Springfield, VA, U.S. Department of Energy. 

The fate of areas of south-eastern American deciduous forests which were dominated, before the arrival of the pathogen, by chestnut and species of oak has been traced (Fig. 10) over nearly 40 years (Day Monk, 1974). The demise of chestnut from its standing as a canopy dominant was rapid, taking about 20 years, with a complete failure to return. During this period eeosystem productivity was reduced (as shown by a reduction in tree basal area. Fig. 10). However, the place of chestnut in the forest has been taken by a number of species, in particular oak and tulip tree, which have steadily increased in dominance. The community has clearly changed markedly but the ecosystem as a whole has shown complete recovery, in terms of re-establishing tree basal area. The place of chestnut in the oak-chestnut forests has been taken by other native species. So in the context of conservation, although the loss of chestnut is unfortunate, it has not been at the eost of an invasion of alien species of tree. 

The plant cover should have potential rooting depth greater than the thickness of the soil cover. Many native species have potential rooting depths of 2 m or more.14... 

Hogan LS, Marschall E, Folt C, Stein RA (2007) How non-native species in Lake Erie influence trophic transfer of mercury and lead to top predators. J Great Lakes Res 33 46-61... 

Even so, most of the practical options available to individuals are low-cost, simple, and based on widely available information and resources. At the individual level, alternatives are most commonly implemented by growing ground covers other than turfgrass-either by simply aUovmig secondary succession to establish whatever diverse herbaceous, shmb, and tree species grow on a neglected plot, or instead by actively planting new communities, especially of native species. ... 

Planting native species in the yard to replace turfgrass represents an effort to restore traditional and locally viable ecological communities on a small scale. Such species include not only historic and prehistoric forest species mixes (oak-hickory, and beech-maple for example), but also wddflower meadows, as well as tall and shortgrass prairie. The advantages of such landscapes are that they tend to be low-maintenance, resist weeds, and attract birds and other wildlife. Native landscaping also can be used to produce yards with fmit, nut and berry... 

Invasive species Ships and ballast water, fishery stocking, aquarists Dispiaces native species, introduces new diseases. 

Waterlilies for a small pond need to be carefully selected, as native species are too vigorous. Try the fragrant Nymphaea odorata cultivars, such as W.B. Shaw, or look for N. pygmaea and N. tetragona... 

Bareroot plants, available in winter, are the cheapest option. You can buy mixed bundles of native species. 

What to do In early morning, shake beetles from plants onto dropcioths, then drop into soapy water to kill them. Cover crop plants with row cover or mesh. Plant pollen- and nectar-rich flowers to attract native species of parasitic wasps and flies. 

A few definitive experiments are needed to complete our knowledge of acute dose-response relationships for ozone. Research is necessary in the case of PAN and other oxidants. More important is the need for studies of crop and native species over growing seasons with chronic oxidant exposures. At the same time, additional work with field chambers, filtered or nonfiltered, is needed. 

Studies to develop dose-response curves for chronic exposures of crop and native species over growing seasons and under field conditions are needed for ozone, PAN, and other oxidants. 

Research should be continued with filtered and nonfiltered field chambers to study effects of ambient oxidants on important agronomic, horticultural, and native species. We know that there is a problem, but its significance and magnitude are matters of conjecture. 

Table II. Reports of Allelopathic Phenomena in Australia— Native Species... 

Difference In surface concentrations required for achieving the shape-selectivity indicates fornatlon of silica with different surface conditions. The relationship between shape-selectivity and surface silicon concentration, however, does not largely depend on the Included cation, proton or sodium, but rather on the composition of zeolites. Strong dependence on the composition was confirmed on the dealumlnated mordenlte, since the behavior was not in agreement with those on the native species but with those expected from the composition. Therefore, growth of silica and pore size enclosure can be summarized. 

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