Botanical origin

Processes for the isolation and purification of yohimbine have been described by Thoms, Feldhoff, Chemnitius, Schwyzer, Raymond-Hamet and others. Some of these processes have been modified to provide for estimation of the yield of yohimbine, usually as the hydrochloride, from the bark, or to facilitate the identification of this alkaloid in commercial yohimbe bark, which is apt to vary both in quality and in botanical origin.According to Witkop (1943) modern technical yohimbine hydrochloride may contain a little isoyohimbine but no allo-yohimbine. 

The true patchouli is known lu the Straits Settlements as Tilam U angi or Dhelum ujaruji " sweet patchouli "j. A wild paicboull, known as Tilam outan, ia aometimes added to the genuioe patehoull on distillation, but its botanical origin is uncertain. 

The essential oil from the oleo-resin of Chinese turpentine (botanical origin unknown) contains a tricyclic sesquiterpene, having the following characters —... 

For pharmaceutical purposes, oue of the maiu problems will be to defiue the botanical origin of the different olibanum resins. Up to now, there are no scientifically current pharmaceutical monographs on olibanum, and pharmaceutical companies that want to develop new medicinal products have an urgent need of analytical methods for the botanical identihcation and quality assurance of the resins. Attempts had been made by Hahn-Deinstrop et al. [2]. 

TABLE 3.1 Usual chemical compositions as markers and analytical techniques for discriminating geographical or botanical origins of honeys... 

Pollen analysis in combination with other techniques is still an effective tool for the authentication of the botanical origin of honey (Persano Oddo et ah, 1995 Von der Ohe et ah, 2004). It can distinguish polyfloral and different types of unifloral honeys (Mateo and Bosch-Reig, 1998). It can also indicate the percentages of different nectar contributions in honey products. A polymerase chain reaction technique and an... 

Andrada, A. C. and Telleria, M. C. (2005). Pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from south of Calden district (Argentina) Botanical origin and protein content. Grana 44, 115-122. 

Anklam, E. (1998). A review of the analytical methods to determine the geographical and botanical origin of honey. Food Chem. 63, 549-562. 

Beretta, G., Caneva, E., Regazzoni, L., Bakhtyari, N. G., and Facino, R. M. (2008). A solid-phase extraction procedure coupled to H-NMR, with chemometric analysis, to seek reliable markers of the botanical origin of honey. Anal. Chim. Acta 620,176-182. 

Bianchi, F., Careri, M., and Musci, M. (2005). Volatile norisoprenoids as markers of botanical origin of Sardinian strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey Characterisation of aroma compounds by dynamic headspace extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 89,527-532. 

Femandez-Torres, R., Perez-Bemal, J. L., Bello-Lopez, M. A., Callejon-Mochon, M., Jimenez-Sanchez, J. C., and Guiraum-Perez, A. (2005). Mineral content and botanical origin of Spanish honeys. Talanta 65, 686-691. 

Ferreres, F., Ortiz, A., Silva, C., Garcia-Viguera, C., TomLBarberan, F. A., and Tomas-Lorente, F. (1992). Flavonoids of La Alcarria honey. A study of their botanical origin. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 194,139-143. 

Gonzalez-Miret, M. L., Terrab, A., Hernanz, D., Femandez-Recamales, M. A., and Heredia, F. J. (2005). Multivariate correlation between color and mineral composition of honeys and by their botanical origin. /. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 2574-2580. 

Martos, I., Ferreres, F., Francisco, A., and Tomas-Barberan, F. A. (2000a). Identification of flavonoid markers for the botanical origin of eucalyptus honey. /. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 1498-1502. 

Persano Oddo, L. and Bogdanov, S. (2004). Determination of botanical origin Problems and issues. Apidologie 35, 2-4. 

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