Phytic removal

Heretofore, no economical method for preparing pure phytic acid was known. The classical method was to dissolve calcium phytate in an acid such as hydrochloric acid, and then add a solution of a copper salt, such as copper sulfate to precipitate copper phytate. The latter was suspended in water and treated with hydrogen sulfide, which formed insoluble copper sulfide and released phytic acid to the solution. After removing the copper sulfide by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to yield phytic acid as a syrup. 

Removal of of 93% of phytic acid did not improve absorption of non-heme iron (24)... 

Removal of phytic acid from soy did not improve non-heme iron absorption (38)... 

Simpson et al. (24) did not observe increased non-heme iron absorption when dephytinzed bran was included in a test meal compared to the non-dephytinized bran. Removal of phytic acid from soy protein likewise did not improve non-heme absorption (38). Decreased iron balances, observed by Bodwell et al. (40) with soy isolate diets, did not appear to be associated with the level of phytic acid a tendency for zinc balances to decrease with increased phytic acid was observed. 

Various processing techniques, other than fermentation, can be utilized to remove phytic acid and other dietary fiber materials that reduce mineral absorption (109). Processes would include differential extraction and filtration techniques such as ultrafiltration (125, 126, 127). 

Although sesame seed is not known to contain any protease inhibitors or other ANFs, high levels of oxalic and phytic acids may have adverse effects on palatability (Ravindran and Blair, 1992) and on availability of minerals and protein (Aheme and Kennelly, 1985). Decortication of seeds almost completely removes oxalates, but it has little effect on phytate (Ravindran and Blair, 1992). Complete decortication is difficult because of the small size of the seeds. 

Phytase (Aspergillus niger var.) Produced as an off white to brown powder or as a tan to dark brown liquid by controlled fermentation using Aspergillus niger var. Soluble in water, but practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principles (1) 3-phytase and (2) acid phosphatase. Typical applications used in the production of soy protein isolate and in the removal of phytic acid from plant materials. 

Sesame has declined in international trade due to a market preference for other oilseeds that are cheaper and easier to produce, such as groundnut. World trade tends to be in whole seed with only a small amount moving as oil and cake. There is great value in dehulling if the product is to be used as a foodstuff, as removal of the hull lowers the oxalic and phytic acid levels in the meal. The presence of these... 

Use Sequestering agent to remove excess metals from wine and vinegar, source of calcium in pharmaceuticals and nutrition, source of phytic acid and its salts. 

Phytic acid removal Lentinula edodes Wheat bran [45]... 

Other examples in which the whole product is used include the production of animal feeds by the protein enrichment of sweet potato residue, cassava peel, or whole cassava, or when SSF is used to remove toxic or inhibitory compoimds from feed materials, such as the reduction of phytic acid in canola meal, antidigestive constituents in rye, or caffeine from coffee pulp [187-193]. In these studies it was not made clear whether the product would be used fresh or dried. This is because the research addressed the feasibility of the process itself, and not the use of the product as food or feed. The major consideration as to whether the product will be dried is the time the product must be kept before use, and the perishability of the product... 

For the cultivars studied, phytic acid was found to be concentrated in the outermost layer. Zinc distribution, on the other hand, was similar for three cultivars and was characterized by an even distribution throughout the kernel, with the exception of a higher concentration in the embryo. Studies of this nature will be valuable for optimizing the milling process for maximum removal of phytic acid with minimum mineral and yield loss and appropriate whiteness to satisfy consumer expectations for white rice. 

The content of phytic acid in flaxseed meals is not reduced as a result of solvent extraction. Due to the association of phytic acid with proteins, in fact, its content tends to increase due to the removal of non-protein matter of seeds (Wanasundara and Shahidi, 1994a). 

Phytic acid is also used as an agent (food additive) for the clarification of wines, which ensures the removal of ferric ions by precipitation of ferric phytate. 

Should the Government ensure that the flour should be as nutritious as possible For instance, should ascorbic acid and zinc be added as well as a variety of other nutrients Bread has been used as a vehicle for nutrients not removed from it iodised salt in goitrous areas of the Netherlands since 1943 and Australia since 1953 sodium chloride to combat prostration in the Armed Forces from sweating in very hot conditions calcium, partly to offset the phytic acid in flours of higher extraction and partly as a supplement. There is no objection to these practices anyone who objects to, for instance, the calcium can use wholemeal flour to which no nutrients are artificially added. But to strive to make flour as nutritious as possible would be unreasonable. 

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