Phosphate starch

A powdered extract is made by replacing the moisture in a soft extract with an equal amount of a substrate such as calcium phosphate, starch or maltodextrin. The moisture is normally removed using a vacuum oven to avoid excessive thermal degradation of the extract. 

Cationic potato starch is actually an amphoteric starch due to the presence of phosphate groups. An increase in cationic charge results when phosphate groups pro-tonate or react with aluminum ions in an acid papermaking system. Anionic phosphate starch will adsorb on cellulose, depending on pH and concentration in solution.135,138... 

Acetylated starch is more mechanically stable, has a lower cooking (swelling and gelatinization) temperature, and is less prone to gel than the parent starch. Phosphated starch has the advantages of acetylated starch and the extra advantage, in some instances, of high viscosity. The carboxyl-... 

Starches have been chemically modified to improve their solution and gelling characteristics for food applications. Common modifications involve the cross linking of the starch chains, formation of esters and ethers, and partial depolymerization. Chemical modifications that have been approved in the United States for food use, involve esterification with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, mixed acid anhydrides of acetic and adipic acids, and 1-octenylsuccinic anhydride to give low degrees of substitution (d.s.), such as 0.09 [31]. Phosphate starch esters have been prepared by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate the maximum phosphate d.s. permitted in the US is 0.002. Starch ethers, approved for food use, have been prepared by reaction with propylene oxide to give hydroxypropyl derivatives [31]. 

FIG. 21-127 Power consumption for lactose, dicalcium phosphate, and dicalcium phosphate/starch mixtures (15 and 45 percent starch) granulated in a Fielder PMAT 25 VG. Impeller speed is 250 rpm, chopper speed 3000 rpm. [Holm et ai., Parts V and VI, Powder Technol., 43,213 (1985) Kristensen et al, Acta Pharm. Sci., 25,187 (1988). ]... 

Active radical phosphate Starches Arrowroot Potato Tapioca Sago... 

Materials Sodium bicarbonate, potassium acid tartrate, sodium aluminium alum, primary calcium phosphate, starch, commercial baking powder. 

See also Figure 13.15, Glycogen, Glucose-1-Phosphate, Starch, Glucose, Maltose, Hexokinase... 

Alkaline phosphatase Amylase p-nitrophenyl phosphate starch amylopectinazure... 

Starch phosphate Starch, pregelatinized Starch sodium octenyl succinate Tallow acid Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer) gum Wheat (Triticum vulgare) gluten Wheat (Triticum vulgare) starch Whey, reduced lactose Whey, reduced minerals Xanthan gum... 

Soybean (Glycine soja) oil Soybean (Glycine soja) protein Starch acetate Starch, bleached Starch, oxidized Starch phosphate Starch, pregelatinized Starch sodium octenyl succinate Stearyl citrate Succinylated monoglycerides Sucroglycerides Sucrose acetate isobutyrate Sucrose dilaurate... 

Biopolymer phosphates - casein, lactalbumin phosphate, starch phosphates, lecithin... 

D.B. Solarek, Phosphated starches, in D.B. Wurzberg, Ed., Modified Starches, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986. 

Figure 46 Power consumption for lactose, dicalcium phosphate, and dicalcium phosphate/ starch mixtures (15% and 45% starch) granulated in a Fielder PMAT 25 VG. (From Ref. 42.)...

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