Adhesives starch phosphates

Chlorinated and/or oxidized starches crosslinked with glyoxal were used to produce a high-strength size for paper.573 Coating adhesives were also prepared by crosslinking glycidyl esters.1385 In addition, esters of starch with inorganic acids (such as starch phosphates) were crosslinked with various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of urea, melamine and similar compounds.1322... 

Amylopectin is the polymeric component of starch and consists mainly of glucose units joined at the 1,4-positions. Relative molar mass tends to be very high, e.g. between 7 and 70 million. A variety of modified starches are used commercially which are produced by derivatisation to give materials such as ethanoates (acetates), phosphates, and hydroxyalkyl ethers. Modified and unmodified starches are used in approximately equal tonnages, mainly in papermaking, paper coatings, paper adhesives, textile sizes, and food thickeners. 

For mechanical stability against hydration and swelling, starch is chemically crosslinked (by adipic acid-acetic anhydride, phosphate, etc.) below Tgz, so that the physical integrity of the granules is not impaired by gelatinization. Weakly crosslinked starches (DS < 0.1) are acid-stable and thus find occasional application in recipes containing vinegar. The many industrial functions of crosslinked starch include use as an adhesive. 

Starches are modified chemically in various ways. Some acetate and phosphate esters are produced commercially, as well as hydroxyalkyl and tertiary aminoalkyl ethers. Both unmodified and modified starches are used principally in paper making, paper coating, paper adhesives, textile sizes, and as food thickeners. There are many reports in the literature on graft copolymers of starch. The work is often conducted is search of biodegradable materials for packaging and agricultural mulches. Most chemical modifications of starch parallel those of cellulose. 

Potassium palmitate PPG-15 PPG-2-buteth-2 PPG-22 butyl ether PPG-30 butyl ether Propylene glycol dicocoate Propylene oxide Sperm oil Starch acetate Starch, oxidized Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide Trichloroethylene Trioctyl phosphate Tripotassium EDTA Vinyl acetate Vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer adhesive, food-contact Hydroabietyl alcohol Phenoxy resin Polybutene Propylene glycol soyate... 

Glucans are useful as raw materials for starch processing industries, dietary compositions, compositions for food additives, adhesive compositions, inclusion compounds and absorbing compounds, medical and cosmetic compositions, film-type product compositions, and as an alternative for starches used in biodegradable plastics. Methods for the production of glucan have been described (4). The reaction starts from glucose and inorganic phosphate, such as... 

Adhesives bind food particles (e.g. reconstituted, poultry and fish meat and the so-called soy meat). They have also found use in extruded foods, production of chewing gum, sweets and tablets. The most commonly used additives are starch, dextrins (E1400), various plant gums, as well as oils and some salts (such as phosphates, which increase the solubility of proteins that denature... 

Phosphated Treatment with monosodium orthophosphate or sodium tripolyphosjiiale Introduction of phosphate groups to starch increases viscosity and produces stable clear gels Used as flocculants, emulsifiers, and adhesives in the food and paper industries ... 

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