Phenols thyme

SYNS P-CYMEN-3-OL 3-p-CYMENOL 3-HYDRO-XY-p-CYMENE 3-HYDROXY-1-METHYL-4-ISOPROP-YLBENZENE ISOPROPYL CRESOL 6-ISOPROPYL-m-CRESOL 2-ISOPROPYL-5-METHYLPHENOL 1-METHYL-3-HYDROXY-4-ISOPROPYLBENZENE 5-METHYL-2-ISOPROPYL-1-PHENOL 5-METHYL-2-(l-METHYLETHYL)PHENOL THYME CAMPHOR THYMIC ACID m-THYMOL... 

Carvacrol, Cj Hj O, is a phenol isomeric with thymol, with which it is frequently found associated, especially in certain types of thyme and origanum oils. 

In a phenol, a hydroxyl group is attached directly to an aromatic ring. The parent compound, phenol itself, Cr,HsOH (4), is a white, crystalline, molecular solid. It was once obtained from the distillation of coal tar, but now it is mainly synthesized from benzene. Many substituted phenols occur naturally, some being responsible for the fragrances of plants. They are often components of essential oils, the oils that can be distilled from flowers and leaves. Thymol (5), for instance, is the active ingredient of oil of thyme, and eugenol (6) provides most of the scent and flavor of oil of cloves. 

Thyme oil Spanish red thyme oil) is obtained by steam distillation of flowering plants of T. zygis L. var. gracilis Boissier (Lamiaceae). Thyme oil is a red or reddish liquid with a strong, characteristic, spicy-phenolic odor and a sharp, lasting taste. 

Thyme shrubs grow in France, Spain, Algeria, and Morocco. Spain is the main producer of the oil. Thyme oil is used mainly for flavoring foods and oral hygiene products, but is also used in perfumery to create spicy, leathery notes. Because of its high phenol content, thyme oil has germicidal and antiseptic properties. FCT 1976 (12) p.1003 [8007-46-3], [85085-75-2]. 

Spices (rosemary, sage, thyme) contain considerable amounts of flavonols and flavones, mainly in the glycoside form (154). Thus, phenolic analyses in spices were often considered in order to determine the optimum time for plant collection to give maximum flavonoid contents and for health benefits (154,155). Flavonoids (naringin, luteolin, apigenin, and chrysoeriol) were extracted from spices using a percolation process at room temperature with solvents (MeOH and EtOAc), and HPLC analysis was carried out (155). 

Determination of the phenols is of special importance in the analysis of hop (carvacrol), thyme, ajOwan (thymol), aniseed, badiana, fennel (anethole), clove bud and stem (eugenol) and sassafras oils (safrole). 

Thymol (isopropyl-m-cresol) is a volatile, phenolic monoterpene produced by several plants including thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (Baerheim Svendsen and Scheffer, 1985). Thymol has well-known antiseptic, antifungal, and anthelminthic properties (Wilson et al., 1977) and is also used for food and fragrance applications (Bauer et al., 1990). 

Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) Found in essential oils of thyme, sage and oregano. Phenolic, spicy odour. 

Essential oils high in phenols that are skin irritants include cinnamon, clove, aniseed oil, basil, tarragon, red thyme and origanum. 

Thyme and origanum are widely used in the pharmaceutical field, mainly due to the germicidal and antiseptic properties of phenolic components. 

Thyme oil contains thymol and carvacrol (phenols p. 59), which are also dermal irritants, but with linalool and other noncyclic alcohols the risks are significantly reduced. 

There are many published therapeutic uses of the thyme oils. Linalool CT, with very low phenol content, is attributed properties such as reviving, strengthening nerves and aiding concentration by stimulation of the cerebral regions of the brain. It is considered to be an immuno-stimulant and safe for use with children. The high ester content also contributes to its application as an antispasmodic for dry coughs. 

The GC analysis (Fig. 7.7) shows a commercial white thyme with a high percentage of the phenols thymol (55.8%) and carvacrol (2.07%). This contrasts with that of sweet thyme (Fig. 7.8) with no phenolic compounds present and alcohols terpineol-4 (13%), a-terpineol (12.37%) and bomeol (5.95%) making up a total of 31.34% for this particular sample. 

Aromatic versions of cyclohexane monoterpenes (benzenoid menthanes or cymenes) are also found in nature and are constituents of some plants frequently used as spices. The hydrocarbon p-cymene (E19) has been found to occur in the oils of cinnamon (Cinnamonum zeylanicum), cypress, eucalyptus, thyme, and turpentine, whereas m-cymene (E20) is a constituent of the oil of blackcurrant Rites nigrum, Saxifragaceae). The corresponding phenols, thymol (p-cymen-3-ol) (E21) and carvacrol... 

Terpenes and Camphor.—The importance of these two phenols is in their natural occurrence as ethers in ethereal oils of many plants, e.g., oil of thyme and oil of caraway, and especially in their relationship to the terpenes and camphor, as will be shown later (p. 826, 834). 

Composed of complex organic compounds (phenols, acids, alcohols, ethers, ketones, and aldehydes), volatile oils evaporate when exposed to air. Volatile oils are found in many plants and may produce the aroma of the plant. Volatile oils exhibit various properties but some common oils are antiseptic or local irritants, or sedative. Oils of peppermint, clove, cinnamon, garlic, and thyme are volatile oils. 

Addo trimico 3-p-cymenol p-cymen-3-ol Flavinol 3-hydroxy-p-cymene 3-hydroxy-l-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene Intrasol isopropyl cresol isopropyl-w-cresol 6-isopropyl-m-cresol isopropyl metacresol 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol 1-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isopropylbenzene 5-methyl-2-isopropyl-phenol 5-methyl-2-(l-methylethyl) phenol Medophyll thyme camphor thymic acid m-thymol timol. 

Thymol (thymic acid) is extracted from essence of thyme. It is four times more bactericidal than phenol and ten times less toxic. Thymol iodide is used on burns in the same way as iodoform, but has the advantage of not being absorbed and not having any odor. It is less irritating on wounds and mucous membranes than dithymol diiodide or aristol. Thymol iodide powder, an antiseptic that is used often after a phenol peel, physically alters the selective permeability of plasma membranes. It is nevertheless a protoplasmic poison that denatures enzyme proteins and is also an allergen. 

Thyme is commonly used as a culinary herb and is characterised by its volatile oil (0.8-2.6%). Phenols are the main ingredients, thymol in Thymus vulgaris carvacrol... 

Most contain carvacrol and thymol in varying amounts. Dried oregano will contain 0.2 to 0.4% of a yellowish volatile oil with thymol and carvacrol in varying amounts. The phenolic content may be 50 to 65%. Carvacrol is found in the oil of oregano, thyme, marjoram, and summer savory. It is practically insoluble in water. It is used as a disinfectant and in organic synthesis. Therapeutically, it is used as an anti-infective and anthelmintic. 

In salads or in cooking, olive oil is usually mixed with herbs and spices, which are also important elements of the Mediterranean diet. Herbs like oregano, rosemary, or thyme and others from the plants of the Lamiaceae family are rich sources of phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activity (Nakatami 1994, Tsimidou and Boskou 1994, Antoun and Tsimidou 1997, Exarchou el al. 2001). These herbs maintain the nutritional value of the food and enhance the shelf life of the food product. 

AI3-00708 Caswell No. 856A CCRIS 7299 Cymo-phenol, a- EINECS 201-944-8 ERA Pesticide Chemical Code 080402 FEMA Number 3066 HSDB 866 Isopropyl cresol NSC 11215 Thyme camphor Thymic acid Thymol m-Thymol Thymol (natural). An antibacterial and antifungal agent used in perfumery, microscopy, preservative, antioxidant, flavoring, as a laboratory reagent, in the manufacture of menthol. Used in the prevention of mold and mildew, in flavoring and perfumery, as a preservative and antioxidant and a topical antiseptic. Crystalline solid mp = 51,5° bp = 232.5" dl ... 

Carvacrol occurs with cymene in a number of essential oils. It can be prepared by heating camphor with iodine. Thymol occurs in the oil of thyme and the oil of mint. It has germicidal properties, but is less active and less poisonous than phenol. 

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