The Application of Fragrance

The whole subject of stability testing is discussed in more detail later in this chapter. 

it is the job of the applications chemist to be the product expert , who should be able to advise and carry out testing on any potential problems or issues related to the perfume in combination with the product base. This advice may be sought by  

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J. Beerling, The Application of Fragrance. In The Chemistry of Fragrances From Perfumer to Consumer, 2nd ed. C. Sell, Ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, 2006 pp 168-183. 

Humans are highly sensitive to the influence of odors in their living environment, and human emotions such as relaxation, exhilaration, sensuality, happiness, and well-being are closely related to odors that stimulate the olfactory pathways in the brain and, in particular, the limbic system. Throughout the world, the application of fragrances to mask the presence of unpleasant odors has been a common method employed to refresh a domestic environment. Personal hygiene products and cosmetics are frequently scented in order to mask natural odors emanating from the body. Perfumed substances in the form of an aerosol, liquid, or solid are often sprayed or rubbed directly on to the skin. 

With the exception of lactate and pyruvate, the differences in levels of these acids emanating from the skin of the subjects did not vary too greatly between our small groups of representatives of the different sexes. The statistical and socio-sexual significance of these results notwithstanding, the above study has demonstrated the chemical complexity of cutaneous emissions even prior to the application of natural or artificially formulated scents and fragrances. 

Indole is a colodess solid, mp 52—54°C, which is readily soluble in most oiganic solvents hut sparingly soluble in water Indole has a musty odor which is very persistent and its derivatives have some applications in the formulation of fragrances. 

In just a short time, olefin metathesis has become an important tool to the synthetic organic chemist. The large-scale use of this chemistry has already been seen in the polymer and fragrance industries. As drug candidates move through the development pipeline, the commercial application of this chemistry probably will be put into practice. The applications of the asymmetric catalysts allow for an efficient coupling of two reactions with the same catalyst and reaction conditions. 

We designate as natural all materials that are obtained from natural sources by the application of physical separation techniques such as distillation and extraction. Natural products have been used for many thousands of years as the raw materials of perfumery. Entire plants, flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, as well as woods, roots, and the resins they exude, are all sources of fragrance materials. Similarly the scent glands of animals such as the civet cat and the musk deer have been used since early civilization to provide perfume for humans. 

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