Phencyclidine hydrochloride

Abuse of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) is a national problem that has reached epidemic proportions in urban areas of the United States. The drug is inexpensive, readily obtainable, and is usually used in combination with other drugs such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and alcohol (Golden et al. 1982). The routes of PCP use include inhalation, ingestion and parenteral administration. 

C. C. Clark, Gas-liquid chromatographic quantitation of phencyclidine hydrochloride in powders Collaborative study, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 62 560(1970). 

Cohen BD, Rosenbaum G, Luby ED, Gottlieb JS. 1962. Comparison of phencyclidine hydrochloride (sernyl) with other drugs Simulation of schizophrenic performance with phencyclidine hydrochloride (sernyl), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and amobarbital (Amytal) sodium, II Symbolic and sequential thinking. Arch Gen Psychiatry 6 79-85. 

In nine cases of phencyclidine hydrochloride poisoning, early signs of overdose included drowsiness, nystagmus, miotic pupils, raised blood pressure, increased deep tendon reflexes, ataxia, anxiety, and agitation. In more severe cases, seizures, spasticity, and opisthotonos were seen, in addition to deep coma and respiratory depression (28). 

These authors reported high efficiency separations of heroin, heroin impurities, degradation products, and adulterants (Fig. 8.1). Also discriminated were acidic and neutral impurities present in heroin seized by law enforcement agencies, as well as in illicit cocaine samples, with resolution of benzoylecgon-ine, cocaine, cis- and frans-cinnamoylcocaine. MEKC was also used with a broad spectrum of other compounds of forensic interest, including psilocybin, morphine, phenobarbital, psilocin, codeine, methaqualone, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, methamphetamine, lora-zepam, diazepam, fentanyl, phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP), cannabidiol, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which were all separated with baseline resolution. 

Infra-red Spectrum. Principal peaks at wavenumbers 700, 760, 1298, 1020, 892, 869 (phencyclidine hydrochloride, KBrdisk). 

PSYCHOTROPIC, and also a veterinary immobilizing agent. It is a drug of abuse, largely withdrawn from human clinical use. phencyclidine hydrochloride phencyclidine, phenelzine [ban, inn] (phenelzine sulfate [usan] Nardil ) is one of the hydrazine class and is an irreversible MONOAMINE-OXIDASE INHIBITOR (MAOl active against both A and 6) used as an ANTIDEPRESSANT. 

Dorns RW Jr, Nichols SF, Harclerode J (1981) The effects of A 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and phencyclidine hydrochloride on gonadotrophs in rat anterior pituitary. Fed Proc 40 279... 

Demerol), cocaine, oxycodone (Percodan), Anileridine (Leritine), and oxymorphone (Numorphan). Also in Schedule II are amphetamine (Benzedrine, Dexedrine), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), phenmetrazine (Preludin), methylphenidate (Ritalin), amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, methaqualone, etorphine hydrochloride, diphenoxylate, and phencyclidine. 

Another injectable anesthetic widely used in feline and primate practice is ketamine hydrochloride [1867-66-9]. Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine, can be chemically classified as a cydohexamine and pharmacologically as a dissociative agent. Analgesia is produced along with a state that resembles anesthesia but in humans has been associated with hallucinations and confusion. For these reasons, ketamine is often combined with a tranquilizer. The product is safe when used in accordance with label directions, but the recovery period may be as long as 12—24 h. 

Ketamine, more commonly known on the street as Special K and to the scientist as ketamine hydrochloride, is a unique drug with a combination of pharmacological effects. Although it is primarily used by veterinarians as an animal tranquilizer, it is available for limited uses in humans. Chemically, it is similar to phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust), a Schedule II drug that was the first of a new class of general anesthetics called dissociative anesthetics. As the name implies, dissociative anesthetics produce in patients a feeling of detachment and disconnection from pain and the environment. 

In 1962, chemists at Parke-Davis labs who were searching for a replacement for phencyclidine synthesized ketamine hydrochloride. In 1965, scientists learned that ketamine was a useful anesthetic. Marketed under the brand name Ketalar , it was a promising anesthetic because it suppressed breathing much less than most other available anesthetics did. Ketamine, like PCP, produces minimal cardiac and respiratory effects, and it wears off soon after administration.50... 

The management of acute phencyclidine intoxication has been reviewed (29,30,31,32). Acidification of the urine enhances its renal clearance (33). All of the following have been used to achieve this ammonium chloride 1 g qds with sufficient water or cranberry juice lysine dihydrochloride 2 g tds with sufficient water or cranberry juice lysine hydrochloride 2 g qds with water or cranberry juice cranberry juice 18 or more oz/day alone or plus lysine, ammonium chloride, or ascorbic acid (34). 

Acidification may be used for severe, acute amphetamine, dexfenfluramine or phencyclidine poisoning. The objective is to maintain a urine pH of 5.5-65 by giving i.v. infusion of arginine hydrochloride (10 g) over 30 min, followed by ammonium chloride (4 g) 2-hourly by mouth. It is rarely necessary. Phenoxybenzamine should be adequate for amphetamine-like drugs (a-adrenoceptor block). 

Ketamine hydrochloride is a synthetic drug called a dissociative anesthetic. It is a very strong hallucinogen. Its physical effects are similar to those produced by PCP (phencyclidine). Ketamine also causes the type of visual hallucinations that are often associated with taking LSD. 

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