Petro-plastic

Petro Plastics 69 (chart), Chemical Construction Corp., New York, 1969. 

One of these products, polylactic add, has become the basis of one of the best recent commercial illustrations of the potential value of this approach. CargiU-Dow now manufacture polylactic acid polymer materials using a starch feedstock. The materials are finding widespread use as versatile, sustainable, and (importantly) biodegradable alternatives to petro-plastics. [14, 26]. 

Living Hinge, Coextruded hinge, Petro Plastics Llomar, Weatherable polyester film, Courtaulds... 

Surfactants used as lubricants are added to polymer resins to improve the flow characteristics of the plastic during processing they also stabilise the cells of polyurethane foams during the foaming process. Surfactants are either nonionic (e.g. fatty amides and alcohols), cationic, anionic (dominating class e.g. alkylbenzene sulfonates), zwitterionic, hetero-element or polymeric (e.g. EO-PO block copolymers). Fluorinated anionic surfactants or super surfactants enable a variety of surfaces normally regarded as difficult to wet. These include PE and PP any product required to wet the surface of these polymers will benefit from inclusion of fluorosurfactants. Surfactants are frequently multicomponent formulations, based on petro- or oleochemicals. 

The origins of the plastics industry go back well over a century to the early exploitation of nitrocellulose but the manufacture and use of plastics in a large way came later with the development of petro-chemicals and the resulting ready availability of the many precursors required. Most of the polymers that are of commercial importance now were introduced in the period between the two world wars, or in the years immediately following. It seems reasonable to anticipate that the polymers sold in quantity at present are likely to remain significant for some time in the future newer materials may be added but changes perhaps will be linked mainly to the modification of existing types for more specific purposes and techniques of manufacture. 

Newspapers and periodicals Other printing and publish- ing Industrial and other chemi- cals Agri- cultural fertilizers and chemi- cals Plastics and synthetic materials Drugs Cleaning and toilet preparations Paints and allied products Petro- leum refining and related products Rubber and miscel- laneous plastics products... 

Petro-Rez. [Akrochem] Aromatic hydro-cafoon resin plasticizer, taddfier, processing aid, remf( cii% extender for rubber congtounding, resin nrodifica-tion, adhesives, inks. 

Many of these new plastics are in the polyester family. One that is getting attention is PEF, polyethylene furanoate. Avantium opened a PEE pilot plant in the Netherlands in 2011. PEF reportedly is similar to PET in performance, but is 100% biobased [10]. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is available as a partially biobased plastic, from biobased 1,4-butanediol and petro-based terephthalic acid. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is similarly made from biobased succinic acid and petro-based terephthalic acid. Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) can be made from biobased 1,3-propanediol with, again, petro-based terephthalic acid. 

Uses 0/w emulsifier for laundry and cleaning detergents, agric., paints/ coatings, emulsion polymerization, metal treatment, plastics, and petro-leum/mining/road construction industries Properties Liq. HLB 12.6 cloud pt. 47 C (0.6% in Dl water) nonionic lmbentin-O/095 [Dr.W.KoibAG]... 

Replacing petro / fossil carbon with bio-based carbon by using plant biomass feedstock in place of fossil feedstock for the manufacture of plastic materials offers a strong value proposition for a zero material carbon footprint. It may also reduce the process carbon and environmental footprint. A methodology for quantification of bio-based carbon content has been developed and codified into the ASTM Standard D6866. Using bio-based carbon content calculations, one can calculate the intrinsic CO2 reductions achieved by incorporating bio-based carbon content into a plastic product - the material carbon footprint. 

PTT has been targeted for use as carpet fibers. Its combination of stain resistance and resilience with basic polyester features extends its use to other markets, including textiles, films, and now engineering thermoplastics (Chuah 2004 Chen et al. 2004). Bio-PE will mainly penetrate the existing petro-PE market for use as plastic... 

In summary, the LCA studies show that, assuming current technological and energy use practices, PLA exhibits comparable nonrenewable energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to PE and PET [27, 38]. The life cycle environmental impacts of petro-polymers are often taken from the European Association of Plastics Manufacturers (APME). The APME has an extensive database of LCl data for numerous polymers, including PE, PET, PP, and PS. 

Chisso Petro, Chiba Goi, Japan and Tokyo, Japan Chicago Molded Plastic Corp., Wheeling, IL 60090, USA China, various prefectures Clopay Corp. Plastics Products Div. Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA... 

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