Industrial properties

Industrial Property Organization for Africa also includes Botswana (BW), Gambia (GM), and Ghana (GH). 

B. M. Rimmer, International Guide to Official Industrial Property Publications, 3rd ed., revised and updated by S. Van Dulken, British Library, London, 1992. 

WIPO, "Glossary of Terms Concerning Industrial Property Information and Documentation," WorldPat. Inf. 15, 21—39 (1993). 

African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO), 78 198 African trypanosomiasis... 

Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, 18 702 International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 25 263, 267 International copyrights, 7 794—795 International Council of Scientific Unions Committee on Data (CODATA),... 

Chanishvili N, Glonti T (2007) Method of disinfection or decontamination of infected pen or building interior using bacteriophages. Patent AU 2007 9051U, Of dal Bulletin of Industrial Property 15 22... 

Industrial properties may include some enzymic and manipulative ones but are concerned mostly with nonfood utilization. 

Aim of utilization. These are the main divisions of functionality mentioned above and include sense affecting, manipulative, and industrial properties. Enzymic characteristics are also functional properties of some protein products, but lie outside the scope of this chapter. 

Buffer zones separating relatively hazardous operations from neighboring residential, commercial, or industrial properties also are important. The human toll in the Bhopal disaster was magnified by the fact that a town had been allowed to grow up at the plant s boundary. 

Discoveries and inventions are increasingly the result of research. But while discoveries are not protected by industrial property or in any other form, and can be known and used freely by all, inventions (and so-called utility models) are protected by patents and their use is restricted free for use in research and development, but not for industrial production with-... 

In Brazil, the safeguard of the rights of inventors, who are often obliged in some form to disclose their inventions or creations before filing a patent application, is established in the Industrial Property Law, Article 12, I to III (inventions and utility models), and Article 96, 3 (registration of industrial designs). The provisions of Article 12 are as follows ... 

II - by the National Institute of Industrial Property [Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial — INPI], through official publication of an application filed without the consent of the inventor, based on information obtained from the inventor or as a result of his acts or... 

The requirement of descriptive sufficiency is covered by Article 24 of Brazil s Industrial Property Law, which reads ... 

Under the terms of Article 8 of the Brazilian Industrial Property Law, patentable inventions are those that have the three basic requirements of novelty, inventive step, and industrial application. Additionally, from Article 50, II, if the specification does not clearly and sufficiently describe the subject matter so as to enable its reproduction by a technician in the subject, the so-called sufficiency of disclosure, it is against the provisions of Article 24, and is thus not accepted (Art. 50, II). 

Table 15.3 Patentable and non-patentable material according to Article 10, IX, and Article 18, III, of the Brazilian Industrial Property Law...

Before the advent of the current Law 9.279/96, pharmaceutical products were not eligible for patent protection in Brazil (under the former Industrial Property Code, Law 5.772/71). With the new possibility of patenting pharmaceuticals, the huge advance in biotechnology and genetics in recent decades has led to the development of a new and important segment in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry biopharmaceuticals. Libraries of new compounds from animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which provide additional alternatives to chemical processes and creation of a multiplicity of novel molecules, can be seen. 

In academic environments, the establishment of industrial property and technology transfer offices has arisen from the increased activities to protect inventions, the need to transfer technologies to enable their production, and from legal requirements for obtaining patents, all driven... 

Regarding monitoring patent applications of third parties, Brazilian legislation allows any interested party to submit documents and information during an application process period, to assist the technical examination. This is provided in Article 31 of the Industrial Property Law, and can be done up to the final examination. The tools for this are the Industrial... 

Technology transfer specialists, in contrast, are more focused on business aspects. They need to be able to work closely with and understand the work of the industrial property people, to help them check on the patent applications filed by the institution. But they also, and more importantly, must follow market trends involving the portfolio of patents and applications, orient the preparation of technical cooperation, detect and contact potential partners for future technology transfers, negotiate and draft contractual instruments applicable to each case, monitor the partnerships formed, deal with external law offices specializing in intellectual property, and act in cases of breach of contractual clauses. In relation to this last item, when a contractual infraction or other compliance problem is noted, a choice must be made as to what action to take. Will it be by judicial action or some form of alternative dispute resolution ... 

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