Pesticide polymer

In 1964, a special state center to carry out the above work was created in Kiev (Ukraine) the All-Union Scientific Research Institute on the Health and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers, and Plastics (VNIIGINTOKS). In 1969, a... 

Uses/Sources. In the production of pesticides, polymers, and pharmaceuticals as a food additive... 

Hydroxy and amino compds, pesticides, polymer intermediates. 

BOP (2,2 -oxydi-propionitrile). Hydrocarbons, butyl ether, up to 15% of THF. Phase must be satd with 2,2 -oxydi-propionitrile. Alkaloids, pesticides, polymer additives, steroids... 

The following real-world examples of green chemistry represent the accomplishments of several winners of the PGCC awards. They illustrate how green chemistry impacts a wide array of fields including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, polymers, and many others. 

Ink, paints and coatings, textiles Adhesives, adsorbents, detergents, dust control, dyes, fertilizers, inks, masonary, asphalt, paints and coatings, paper, pesticides, polymers/rubber, textiles... 

The most frequently discussed green chemistry topic was catalysts, followed by the synthesis of ibuprofen, ionic liquids, supercritical solvents, atom economy, pesticides, polymers, renewable feedstocks, and the principles of green chemistry. Other green chemistry topics that were found included... 

CFC replacements PCB replacements degradable pesticides, polymers cleaner fuels designer compounds... 

In 1964, in Kiev within the system of the Ministry of Public Health, the All-Union Scientiric Research Institute of Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers and Plastics (now the Ukrainian Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology of Chemicals) was organized which soon became a large center involved with the coordination of this p-oblem in the former Soviet Union. 

V.O. Sheftel, Hygiene Aspects of the Use of Polymeric Materials in the Water Supply, All-Union Research Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers and Plastic Materials, Kiev, Russia, 1977, p.61 (in Russian). [PhD Thesis]... 

Uses Catalyst for formaldehyde polymerization vulcanization accelerator corrosion inhibitor for textile lubricants, metalworking fluids solvent mfg. of pesticides, polymers, rubber, dyes intermediate for emulsifiers, dyes, insecticides, flotation agents inhibitor for butadiene... 

Chief, Department of General Toxicology and Experimental Pathology, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Tbxicology of Pesticides, Polymers and Plastics, Ministry of Health, Kiev, USSR. 252127... 

Chlorine s most important use is as bleach in the manufacture of paper and cloth. It is also used widely as a chemical reagent in the synthesis and manufacture of metallic chlorides, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants. Sodium hypochlorite which is a component of commercial bleaches, cleaning solutions, and disinfectants for drinking water, wastewater purification systems, and swimming pools—releases chlorine gas when it comes in contact with acids. 

In the following discussion, pesticides that have been dispersed within the polymer in some way or encapsulated as a solution within a polymeric "skin will be discussed under the "Physically Bonded" topics. These systems are those that physically hold the pesticide within the polymeric matrix. On the other hand, the "Chemically Bonded" systems bind the pesticide or pesticidal ligand to part of the molecule of the polymer itself. Their action is due to either the action of the polymer itself or to the gradual breakdown of the molecule leaving a smaller molecule having pesticidal action. Specialized uses will be found in the sections on "Flocculation Control" and "Spray Drift Control". References that emphasize the incorporation of pesticide-polymers as "Polymeric Devices" and those that control insects and weeds through "Plastic Mulches" will be discussed last. 

F. Destruction of polymer bonds. The release of physically bound pesticides by chemical destruction of polymer bonds affords the effectiveness of some physically bonded pesticide polymer mixtures. This can be done in two ways First, by breaking crosslinking bonds that hold the polymer in a tight matrix. Second, by breaking the backbone polymer chains themselves. 

Efficacy in the field depends on the nature of the pesticide-polymer bond, the chemical character of the pesticide and polymer, and the dimensions and structure of the system. Most pesticidal action will result from a degradation of the polymer to free the bonded pesticide. In a few cases, effective action will result from the effect of the bonded material as a whole. 

B. Solubilization via Pendant Chain Degradation. "In the biological environment, side chain degradation occurs so that the chemical bonds holding the pesticide within its polymeric prison are sequentially broken to provide a sustained release of the pesticide over an extended period of time. The rate of release will clearly be determined by the nature of the pesticide-polymer bonds, the chemical characteristics of the pesticide and polymer, as well as the dimensions and structure of the resultant macromolecular combination".2=... 

D. Solubilization via Enzymatic Action. Although enzymatic action should be an important consideration for the decomposition of a pesticide polymer combination, no references were found describing work in this important area. 

Utilizing a pesticide-polymer combination can also increase the safety in spraying by controlling the drift following spraying. To do... 

Pesticide-Polymer Research A Review of 1976-87 David A. Kurtz Kevin Bassett... 

Using microbore LC columns, a separation method was developed for a series of weakly basic cyclic and noncyclic secondary amines, which were identified as components of coal-derived solvents. As shown in another study, using normal HPLC on silica gel with Freon-113 elution, model mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and nonpolar constituents can be separated in coal-liquefaction process solvents. Encouraging results were obtained on both semipreparative (4.6 mm i.d.) and microbore (1 mm i.d.) columns. According to further reports, carbamate pesticides, polymer additives and solvent-refined coal were analysed, and the components of bergamot oil can be identified. GPC/FT-IR can be used to detect components of cold-rolling oil and to analyse polymers, whereas SEC/FT-IR can be applied to the analysis of coal liquids and to improve detection and identification of proteins. 

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