General toxicology

Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Vol. XIX. Taylor Francis, Philadelphia. 1887 s. pp. 

Klaassen, C., Ed. 2001. Cassarett and Doull s Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1236 pp. 

Timbrell, J. 2000. Principles of Biochemical Toxicology. Taylor Francis, London. 394 pp. 

Breidbach, O. and Kutsch, W. 1995. The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. 448 pp. 

Levitan, I.K. and Kaczmarek, L.K. 2002. The Neuron Cell and Molecular Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 603 pp. 

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General toxicology studies, 25 215-216 Generation-and-test approach, in... 

Christian, M.S. and Hoberman, A.M. (1989). Current in vivo reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity (teratology) test methods. In A Guide to General Toxicology, 2nd ed. (Marquis, J.A. and Hayes, A.W., Eds.). S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 91-100. 

Update FAIS information on colours, sweeteners and miscellaneous additives, with a view to expanding general, toxicological and legislative data. 

Discussion of the following three examples, namely, general toxicology, cancer toxicology, and analytical chemistry will be used to illustrate the point. They have been selected because, among the life science-related disciplines, they cover the spectrum of needs for scientific "judgements. ... 

Impurities are generally toxicologically qualified when the drug is first approved for marketing, but changes in the synthetic process that lead to an existing or new impurity being routinely produced at a level above the qualification threshold... 

Other types of reproductive toxicity studies, e.g., the prenatal developmental toxicity study, the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening study, and the developmental neurotoxicity study (Section 4.10.3) may give some indications of general toxicological effects arising from repeated exposure over a relatively limited period of the animal s life span as clinical signs of toxicity and... 

Shopp GM, White KL Jr, Holsapple MP et al Naphthalene toxicity in CD-I mice general toxicology and immunotoxicology. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4 406-419, 1984... 

If feasible, it is advisable to use the strain of rat previously used for the repeat dose general toxicology studies. 

However, little or no preliminary work may be required if the minipig was used for the general toxicology program. 

Heilman B. General Toxicology. In Mulder G, Dencker L, eds. Pharmaceutical Toxicology. London Pharmaceutical Press, 2006. 

Krigman MR, Silverman AP. 1984. General toxicology of tin and its organic compounds. Neurotoxicology 5 129-140. 

Haddow, A. and G.A.R. Kon, p. 314 "Chemistry of Carcinogenic Compounds," in "Chemical Carcinogenesis," pp. 31 1-326, British Med. Bull. 4, nos. 5 6. paper 962 (19 +7) Excellent historical treatment of the role of chemistry in the study of cancer, with allusions to general toxicology, including birth defects. 

Heilman, B., 2006, General toxicology. In Mulder, G.J. and Dencker L. (Eds), Pharmaceutical toxicology, Pharmaceutical Press, 1-39. 

For descriptive purposes, toxicology testing procedures can be conveniendy subdivided into general and specific forms. General toxicology studies are those in which animals are exposed to a test material under appropriate conditions and then examined for all types of toxic effects that the monitoring procedures employed allow. Specific toxicological studies are those in which exposed animals are monitored specifically for a defined toxic end point or effect. 

E. J. Ariens, A. M. Simonis, and J. Offermeir, Introduction to General Toxicology, Academic Press, New York, 1976, Chapt. 7. 

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