Pollution pesticides

Pfleger, K., Maurer, H.H., and Weber, A., Mass Spectral and GC Data of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and Their Metabolites, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1992. 

Pesticides are potentially poisonous, noxious or polluting substances, and therefore the NRA is responsible for controlling and preventing pesticide pollution of water. Furthermore, the NRA is responsible for ensuring water quality meets standards set in a number of EC Directives, some of which specify values for pesticides. 

The full extent of the toxicity of pesticides to aquatic life is not known. Although chronic toxicity testing is required for new substances, little is known about the long-term effects of older pesticides. Also, very little is known about the toxicity and occurrence of the products formed when pesticides break down (metabolites) or the many non-pesticidal additives (co-formulants and adjuvants) used in pesticide formulations. However, the future is looking brighter. New modelling techniques, EQS development, and the involvement of the NRA in the pesticide registration process, coupled with the development of newer, less persistent pesticides with lower dose rates, all should help to reduce the risk of pesticide pollution. 

The government program, which attempts to regulate and limit pesticide pollution, costs at least 200 million each year in administrative costs (Pimentel, D., in manuscript). 

Kock M, Farre M, Martinez E, Gajda-Schrantz K, Ginebreda A, Navarro A, Alda MLd, Barcelo D (2010) Integrated ecotoxicological and chemical approach for the assessment of pesticide pollution in the Ebro river delta (Spain). J Hydrol 383(l-2) 73-82... 

Terrado M, Kuster M, Raldua D, Lopez de Alda M, Barcelo D, Tauler R (2007) Use of chemometric and geostatistical methods to evaluate pesticide pollution in the irrigation and drainage channels of the Ebro river delta during the rice-growing season. Anal Bioanal Chem 387(4) 1479-1488... 

Chemometric Analysis of Pesticides Pollution in the Ebro River Delta During the Rice-... 

Hallberg GR. 1989. Pesticide pollution of groundwater in the humid USA. Agric, Ecosys Environ 26 299-368. 

Fig. 11 a-d. A GC-MS trace showing a typical distribution of a pesticide polluted sample from the Los Angeles Bight... 

Garrido T, Fraile J, Ninerola JM et al (2000) Survey of ground water pesticide pollution in rural areas of Catalonia (Spain). Int J Environ Anal Chem 78 51-65... 

Subpart D-Test Methods for Pesticide Pollutants BAT and NSPS effluent limitations for priority pollutants for direct discharge point sources that use end-of-pipe biological treatment... 

Brown, R. and A. Mitteknan. 1993. Evaluation of existing methods to rank the relative carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds PAH). Draft. Technical Resources, Inc., Contract No. 68-01-0022, for Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Office of Sohd Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides, Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances (OPPTS). 

Americans are often awakened to new environmental problems as a result of articles written or speeches given by prominent scientists or politicians who have become interested in the problem. Such was the case when Rachel Carson wrote about the dangers of pesticide pollution in her now-famous bookSilentSpring (1962). 

During the first six years of the existence of the Environmental Protection Agency, over 19,000 formal enforcement actions were taken for air, water, and pesticide pollution. Between January, 1976, and September, 1976, the EPA initiated 6,613 actions, resulting in fines and penalties in excess of 1.5 million. (1) A significant number of enforcement actions have been taken against chemical firms. 

The reported strategies utilized in DNA sensing include (1) sequence-specific hybridization processes based on the oxidation signal of most electroactive DNA bases, guanine and adenine [13,24] or (2) quasi-specific detection of small molecules capable of binding by intercalation or complexation with DNA, such as metal coordination complexes, antibiotics, pesticides, pollutants, etc. [17,18] or in the presence of some metal tags such as gold, silver nanoparticles, etc. [23,50,51]. 

Rodolico, S., R. Giovinazzo, and M. Mosconi (1997). Comparison between ELISAs and traditional analytical methods to determine pesticide pollution in water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 58 644—650. 

Anonymous, 2001. Pesticide pollution Trends and perspectives. ICMR Bulletin - September 2001, 31 (ISSN 0377-4910). 

Bhatnagar, S.K., 2001. Pesticide pollution trends and perspective. ICMR Bull. 31(a),... 

Pillai, M.K.K., 1986. Pesticide pollution of soil, water and air in Delhi area, India. Sci. Total Environ. 55, 321-327. 

Rehana, Z., Malik, A., Ahmad, M., 1995. Mutagenic activity of the Ganges water with special reference to the pesticide pollution in the river between Kachla to Kannauj (U.P.), India. Mutation Res. 343, 137-144. 

Weber, J.B., Shea, P.J., Strek, H.J. (1980) An evaluation of nonpoint sources of pesticide pollution in runoff. In Environmental Impact of Nonpoint Source Pollution. Overcash, M., Davidson, J., Editors, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Wiedemann, H.G. (1972) Applications of thermogravimetry of vapor pressure determination. Thermochim. Acta 3, 355-366. Weidner, C.W. (1974) Degradation in ground water and mobility of herbicides. Report prepared for the Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. PB 239242. 

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