Air pollution from pesticides

Kutz FW, Yobs AR, Yang HS, C. 1976. National pesticide monitoring programs. In Lee RE, ed. Air pollution from pesticides and agricultural processes. EL CRC Press, 95-136. 

Lewis RG, Lee RE Jr. 1976. Air pollution from pesticides sources, occurance, and dispersion. In Air Pollution from Pesticides and Agricultural Processes. Ed RE Lee, Jr. CRC Press, Inc. pg 18. 

Kutz FW, Yobs AR, Yang HSC. ]976. National pesticide monitoring program. In . E. Lee Jr., ed. Air Pollution from Pesticides and Agricultural Processes. Cleveland, OH, CRC press. Pp. 95-136. 

Lewis RG, Lee Jr RE. 1976. Air pollution from pesticides Sources, occurrence and dispersion. In Lee Jr RE, ed. Air pollution from pesticide and agricultural processes. Cleveland, OH CRC Press, 5-51. 

Externalised costs for cleaning up pollution from pesticides and fertilisers in our water and air. 

Hawthorne, A., et al. (1987) Models for estimating organic emissions from building materials formaldehyde example. Atmos. Environ. 21, No. 2. Lewis, R. G., et al. (1986) Monitoring for non-occupational exposure to pesticides in indoor and personal respiratory air. Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Minneapolis, MN. 

The preparation of soils for crops, planting, and tilling raises dust as a fugitive emission. Such operations are shll exempt from air pollution regulations in most parts of the world. The application of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides is also exempt from air pollution regulations, but other regulations may cover the drift of these materials or runoff into surface waters. This is particularly true of the materials are hazardous or toxic. 

Sufficient samples at the proper locations were not taken to allow for accurate estimates of the vaporization losses for those pesticides which could be proven to be emanating from the disposal pit. However the low concentrations measured above the pit suggest that losses by volatilization are not a source of significant contamination of surrounding air. The pit therefore is a source of air contamination due to volatilization but the amount is negligible given the normal dilution effect for point sources of air pollution. 

Indoor Pollutants. In general, the term indoor air pollution refers to home and nonfactory public buildings such as office buildings and hospitals. Pollution can come from heating and cooking, pesticides, tobacco smoking, radon, gases, and microbes from people and animals. 

The POP pesticides are hydrophobic compounds with low water solubility. However, natural waters play an important role in the transport and transformation of POPs, because similar to air, water is capable of transporting POPs through convection to areas far from application sites, such as (1-HCH found in the Arctic. More importantly, water is essential for humans and all living species and is closely related to their activities. Aquatic mammals are the species most seriously endangered by POP pollution of natural waters. Fish and shellfish are important pathways for POPs to enter the human body through diet. Aquatic ecosystems are very influential on human beings. Therefore, water pollution by pesticides has generated wide concern. 

Exposure to toxicants from terrestrial sources is very common because of the intimate association between animals and plants that live on the land with soil. Modem agricultural practices call for the application of large quantities of herbicides and other pesticides to plants and soil residues of these substances may readily enter living organisms. Soil is the repository of a variety of air pollutants, especially airborne particles that settle onto soil. Improper disposal of industrial wastes and toxic substances washed from or blown off of hazardous waste sites has contributed to exposure of soil. 

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