Hygiene, personal

Tobacco products should be banned from the work areas to prevent polymer fume fever. Street elothing should be stored separately from work clothing. Thorough washing after removal of work clothing will remove powder residues from the body. 

Fluoropolymers can create a slippery surface if they are mbbed against a hard surfaee because they 

Eating, drinking and smoking should be totally banned in the laboratory. Staff should also undergo an induction course to enable them to realise the fact that micro-organisms are ubiquitous, and if suitable precautions are not taken when handling samples then contamination is inevitable. 

Micro-organisms in nature exist in mixed populations and one of the first essentials is to isolate or obtain a pure (axenic) culture. Pure cultures may either be isolated or if reference material is required they can be obtained from various culture collections. Isolation of a pure culture is only the first step it is also necessary to culture and maintain the organism in the pure state in which it is protected from contamination by other micro-organisms. 

Products like toothbrushes and digital thermometers require good UV resistance, impact resistance and aesthetic properties. If UV resistance is the primary requirement, acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) or PC/ASA can be considered while if impact resistance is the primary requirement, PC and PC/ABS resins can be considered. 

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However, if air sampling estabHshes that the lead exposure concentration is excessive, engineering controls (such as improved ventilation), adrninistrative controls (such as job rotation), and work practices (such as improved personal hygiene of workers) have to be appHed to comply with the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of the OSHA standard. 

Although metallic antimony may be handled freely without danger, it is recommended that direct skin contact with antimony and its alloys be avoided. Properly designed exhaust ventilation systems and/or approved respirators are required for operations that create dusts or fumes. As with other heavy metals, orderly housekeeping practice and good personal hygiene are necessary to prevent ingestion of (or exposure to) antimony. 

The toxicity of a substance is its capacity to cause injury once inside the body. The main modes of entry into the body by chemicals in industry are inhalation, ingestion and absorption through the skin. Gases, vapours, mists, dusts, fumes and aerosols can be inhaled and they can also affect the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Ingestion is rare although possible as a result of poor personal hygiene, subconscious hand-to-mouth contact, or accidents. The skin can be affected directly by contact with the chemicals, even when intact, but its permeability to certain substances also offers a route into the body. Chemicals accorded a skin notation in the list of Occupational Exposure Limits (see Table 5.12) are listed in Table 5.2. Exposure may also arise via skin lesions. 

A good standard of personal hygiene is required to minimize exposure by ingestion or skin absorption of chemicals. The measures include ... 

Use protective/barrier creams and skin reconditioning creams Maintain high standard of personal hygiene... 

Control fluid quality during use, involving checks on correct dilution and make-up, concentration and freedom from contamination in service, regular cleaning and fluid changing Provide and use appropriate personal protective equipment A high standard of personal hygiene... 

A good standard of personal hygiene, i.e. washing hands before eating, and showering or bathing at the end of work. Maintaining overalls and respiratory protection in a clean state. 

Provision of adequate washing facilities including resin-removal cream enforce high standards of personal hygiene. 

Maintain high standards of personal hygiene and housekeeping. 

See also maintenance, permit-to-work systems, personal protection, site restrictions, access, modifications, personal hygiene etc.)... 

The hazardous waste standard requires employers to make certain that when showers are a necessary step in the decontamination process, their employees shower at the end of their work shift and when leaving the hazardous waste site. Sanitation-related showers (unlike decontamination showers) are understood to be voluntary. Decontamination and emergency showers should be located close to the worksite. Sanitary showers may be located at some distance from the worksite. A statement in the safety plan encouraging good personal hygiene and daily showers is a good idea. In addition, workers should be encouraged to shower daily even if no shower is available at the worksite. 

Machine operators working with emulsions can become susceptible to skin infections because of the combination of the de-fatting effect of soluble-oil emulsifiers and the abrasive action of metallic scarf, but bacteria in cutting fluids are seldom the source of such infections. High standards of personal hygiene and the use of barrier creams should prevent such problems. A more difficult situation arises when a soluble-oil emulsion becomes infected with bacteria capable of utilizing the emulsifier and mineral-oil components in the system. Even in clean conditions, untreated soluble-oil emulsions and solutions cannot remain completely sterile for any length of time. 

It should be made clear to people exposed to lubricants that good standards of personal hygiene are a most effective protection against potential health hazards. However, those individuals with a history of (or thought to be particularly predisposed to) eczema or industrial dermatitis should be excluded from work where, as in machine-tool operation, contact with lubricants is virtually unavoidable. 

Personal hygiene—importance of good skin and foot care, personal cleanliness, frequent dental checkups, and routine eye examinations. 

Table 13.16 sets out the major waste disposal methods, and potential hazards from toxic waste deposition are indicated in Table 13.17. The range of precautions required at land tips depends upon the risk, e.g. the nature and degree of contamination and the work to be undertaken. It will, however, encompass personal protective equipment a high standard of personal hygiene enclosure, possibly pressurization, and regular cleaning of vehicle cabs vehicle washing facilities site security, and control of designated dirty areas. Air monitoring and medical surveillance may be required.

The hazard of the transfer of microorganisms from humans to pharmaceutical preparations may be reduced by comprehensive training in personal hygiene coupled with regular medical checks to prevent carriers of pathogenic organisms from coming in contact with any product. 

The sole objective of all hygiene and manufacturing controls is to ensure the quality of the pharmaceuhcal product for the safety and protection of the pahent. The manufacture of non-sterile pharmaceutical products requires that certain criteria of cleanliness, personal hygiene, produchon methods and storage must be met. Many such products are for oral and topical use and the question may fairly be posed as to the point of what are now quite stringent conditions. Nevertheless, some carefully controlled hospital studies have indeed shown that both types of medicine may be associated with nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections and this risk can be minimized by the application of GMP principles. 

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