Personal expenses

Looking back over his life, Frankland must have been pleased. Fecally contaminated water was no longer a principal source of human disease. Chemistry students were conducting experiments in laboratories firsthand. He had published his collected Experimental Researches at great personal expense to document his scientific role for future generations. And he could be confident that he had probably foiled any immediate attempts to pry into his private life. 

Many of you probably maintain an area of your home for use as a second office. The cost of maintaining such an area may be deductible. The problem in this area is that one section of the code says that no deduction shall be allowed for personal, living, or family expenses, while another section of the code provides a deduction for all the ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on a trade or business. You can see that these two sections can conflict where you use a part of your personal home as a business office. On the one hand, the IRS is concerned that no deduction be allowed for personal expenses, and on the other hand the taxpayer is concerned that he be allowed a deduction for his legitimate business expenses. 

The German physicist Walter Elsasser, who later emigrated to the United States, worked in Berlin in 1923 during an interlude in his student years his father had agreed to pay his personal expenses. He was no foreigner, but with foreign help he was able to five like one ... 

The unit labor cost with insurance, tax, social, and other personal expenses is expected at US 27/h and the interest rate of about 4%. The variable cost items for drying of the laundry detergent slurry calculated according to the presented method are summarized in Table 65.6. The predicted variable cost is about US 1,685,699 per annum and US 47.78/t of dried product. Then, the expected unit cost of drying of the laundry detergent in the year 2006 will most likely be... 

METHOD 10 You girls need to know that Strike is not just listing every method that produces a precursor or makes a final product. There are hundreds out there. Many make the product but are too hard, too expensive or too low yielding. Many are a combination of both. There are special criteria that makes a method worthy of inclusion in this book. Often, a method has been reviewed by many people before it makes it for consideration. When there is no one person that has actually tried a particular method on our special... 

Costs. There are two cost elements in doing marketing research studies professional charges and out-of-pocket expenses. The actual cost of any study is entirely dependent upon the number of interviews and the type of interviews. In practice, a 100-person interview study will cost 30,000 to 50,000. However, if a 50 x 10 investment is involved, the market study is cheap insurance. 

The networking of personal computers has continued and has enabled the sharing of expensive hard-copy output devices and other peripherals and has provided the significant benefit of faciUtating the transfer of data between computers. Joint authorship of technical articles is a quick and easy process with networked computers. The interappHcation communication that today links appHcations within a single computer will transparentiy link appHcations on networked computers. Voice-annotated documents are already available. 

Engineers usually have the greatest difficulty in regarding an expense as being equivalent to an asset, as is implied by Eq. (9-125). Let us consider a one-person business. We assume for a given period... 

Operating Labor The cost of operating labor is the second largest item of expense in the manufac turing cost. Labor requirements for a process can be estimated from an intelhgent study of the equipment flow sheet, paying careful attention to the various primaiy process steps such as frac tionation, filtration, etc. The hourly wage rate should be that currently paid in the company. Once the number of persons reqiiired per shift has been estimated for a particular production rate, the annual labor cost and the labor cost per unit of production can be estimated. 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

Is there such a thing as over -training Most persons would agree that there is no such thing as too much training. However, balance needs to be mentioned. Usually, some type of a cost justification is performed prior to sponsoring an employee s training. This is particularly true if the course involves distant places and expensive tuition. 

To produce this kind of grid map by quickly measuring the concentrations at some points for immediate processing and graphical presentation is a simple and often effective way to communicate the results to persons w ho are not trained to analyze primary results of measurements. The method must, however, be used with care since there is a risk that the sampling of data itself may affect the airflow in the studied area. I he equipment needed is relatively expensive, and the method is therefore of interest when the prerequisites are already available for other reasons. 

Document quote that states the selling price and other sales conditions of a material, product, etc. has different meanings. Did you know that by law if someone reports that verbally the vender made statements such as buy this injection molding machine and all you have to do is push a button to make good/acceptable products the vender is legally in trouble. Even if that person wins the case (rare), it will be very expensive to pay for the court case. 

System control and data acquisition are done with a personal computer using Paragon software. About 150 input and output modules were used for the two laboratory cells. This is expensive and may seem excessive, but a lot of the inputs and outputs are used for safety purposes so that the cell can operate unattended 24 hr a day, 7 days a week to get good long-term data. 

This is a tax on a person s or company s income. It is often graduated. That is, the rate of the taxation depends on the amount earned. Federal income taxes are based on profits. Before figuring this tax all expenses legtimately incurred may be deducted. Most large corporations in the United States pay around a 48% federal income tax. This means 48% of their profits are taken in taxes by the federal government. Nearly all states and some cities also have income taxes. Some of these are based on total sales, but most are based on profits. Federal income taxes may or may not be considered as an expense. 

---