Permanent-press fabrics

The thermoplastic fiber is tough, with relatively high temperature resistance. It can be processed into yams that maintain their properties at elevated environmental temperatures, e.g. in tire reinforcement or for permanent-press fabrics. 

Uses Synthesis of dyes flocculants polymers or copolymers (ployacrylamides) as plastics, adhesives, soil conditioning agents sewage and waste treatment ore processing permanent press fabrics. 

Some polymer deterioration reactions occur without loss in molecular weight. These include a wide variety of reactions where free radicals (most typical) or ions are formed and cross-linking or other nonchain session reaction occurs. Cross-linking discourages chain and segmental chain movement. At times this cross-link is desired such as in permanent press fabric and in elastomeric materials. Often the cross-links bring about an increased brittleness beyond that desired. 

PERMANENT-PRESS RESIN. A thermosetting resin used as a textile impregnate or fiber coating to impart crease resistance and permanent hot-creasing to suitings, dress fabrics, etc. Chemicals such as formaldehyde and maleic anhydride are the basis of these products. The resin is cured after the fabric has been tailored into a garment. A permanent-press fabric that requires no resin has been developed (a blend of polyester with cotton or rayon). 

Enzymatic polymerization of acrylamide has gained a lot of interest among researchers. This is because acrylamide (Fig. 7.2) is a precursor used in the synthesis of polyacrylamides used as water-soluble thickeners with applications in gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), papermaking, synthesis of dyes, and the manufacture of permanent press fabrics. HRP-mediated free radical polymerization... 

The introduction of polyester fibers has brought about major changes in the way we care for our clothing. Nearly all modern permanent-press fabrics owe their wrinkle-free behavior to polyester, often blended with other fibers. These polyester blends have reduced or eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes to achieve a wrinkle-free surface that holds its shape. 

Dacron Polyester Strong, easy to dye, shrink-resistant Permanent-press fabrics, rope, sails, thread... 

The primary use of acrylamide is in the production of polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers with nonionic, cationic, or anionic properties. Polyacrylamides are used as flocculants in wastewater treatment plants, as coagulants in the treatment of potable water, as fiber and pigment binders in the paper industry, as thickeners in soaps and personal grooming preparations, and as sizing agents in the permanent press fabric industry. Acrylamide monomer is used to... 

Significant quantities for formaldehyde are consumed in the production of other resins or polymers such as polyacetyls, melamine resins, and alkyl resins. Formaldehyde is also used in rubber/latex manufacture, textile treatment other than permanent-press fabrics, dye manufacture and use, photoprocessing chemicals, laboratory fixatives, embalming fluids, disinfectants, and preservatives. Formaldehyde can also be emitted by combustion appliances, wood fires, tobacco smoke, and in indoor chemistry. 

Use Synthesis of dyes, etc., cross-linking agent, adhesives, paper and textile sizes, soil-conditioning agents, flocculants, sewage and waste treatment, ore processing, permanent-press fabrics. 

Use Molding, adhesives, laminating, textile finishes, permanent-press fabrics, wash-and-wear apparel fabrics, protective coatings, paper manufacture, leather treatment, binders for fabrics, foundry sands, graphite resistors, plaster-of-paris fortification, foam structures, and ion-exchange resins. 

Use First stage of urea formaldehyde resins impregnating wood to increase hardness and fire resistance and to form self-binding laminations for plywood manufacture permanent-press fabrics. 

More than 2 million tons of this polymer is produced annually in the United States. Dacron, the fiber produced from this polyester, accounts for approximately 50% of all synthetic fibers. It absorbs very little moisture, and its properties are nearly the same whether it is wet or dry. Additionally, it possesses exceptional elastic recovery properties so it is used to make permanent-press fabrics. This polyester can also be made into films of great strength (e.g.. Mylar), which can be rolled into sheets 1/30 the thickness of a human hair. Such films can be magnetically coated to make audio- and videotapes. 

Some permanent press fabrics emit formaldehyde. Washing these new clothes before use will usually lower the amount of formaldehyde and reduce your family s risk of exposure. 

Although pressed wood products may be a source of formaldehyde in indoor air, there are numerous others. These include permanent press fabrics, fiberglass products, decorative laminates, paper goods, paints, wallpaper, and cosmetics (Kelly et al. 1996). Its presence in indoor air also results from combustion sources, such as stoves, heaters, or burning cigarettes (Matthews et al. 1985 NRC 1981). 

A subpopulation with potentially high exposures to formaldehyde are residents of mobile homes due to the frequent use of pressed wood products and their low rate of air exchange (Wolff 1991). Members of the general population who come in contact with a large amount of unwashed permanent press fabrics treated with formaldehyde-releasing resins may also be exposed to high levels. 

Permanent-press fabrics are often cured with TV-methy-lol compounds, such as 4.18, and tend to release formaldehyde after the cure. (Formaldehyde [a carcinogen] from various formaldehyde resins is a problem in some homes.115) These can be replaced with polycarboxylic acids, such as the 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (4.19), which cure via the cyclic anhydride.116 Both dyeing and durable-press treatments can be combined in a single step, if desired.117... 

Products and Uses Applications include adhesives, textiles, and permanent-press fabrics as a coating and conditioner, also in soil conditioners. 

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