Perfume dermatitis

Use Mainly for the production of perfumes, especially Eau de Colognes and fresh toilet waters. Pressed B. contains up to ca. 1% of the furocoumarin bergap-ten which causes phototoxic reactions (so-called ber-lock or berloque (perfume) dermatitis). Thus mild rectification of B. is recommended before its use in perfume oils, since bergapten remains in the distillation residue. B. is also used in small amounts to aromatize confectionery and bakery products, often in combination with other citrus oils well known is the aromatization of tea ( Earl Grey tea). 

Larsen WG (1975) Cosmetic dermatitis due to a perfume. Contact Dermatitis 1 142-145 Larsen WG (1977) Perfume dermatitis, a study of 20 patients. Arch Dermatol 113 623-626 Leifer W, Steiner K (1951) Studies in sensitization to halogenated hydroxyquinolines and related compounds. J Invest Dermatol 17 233-240 Leyden JJ, Kligman AM (1977) Contact sensitization to benzoyl peroxide. Contact Dermatitis 3 273-275... 

Fisher AA, Dooms-Goossens A (1976) The effect of perfume ageing on the allergenicity of individual perfume ingredients. Contact Dermatitis 2 155-159 Fisher AA (1980) Perfume dermatitis. Part 1. General considerations and testing procedures. Cutis 26 458-463,477 Fisher AA (1990) Perfume dermatitis in children sensitized to balsam of Peru in topical agents. Cutis 45 21-23 Fisher AA (1995) Consort contact dermatitis due to musk ambrette. Cutis 55 199-200... 

Larsen WG (1977) Perfume dermatitis. A study of 20 patients. Arch Dermatol 113 623-626... 

Larsen WG (1979) Allergic contact dermatitis to the perfume in Mycolog cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 1 131-133 Larsen WG (1983) Allergic contact dermatitis to the fragrance material lilial. Contact Dermatitis 9 158-159 Larsen WG (1985) Perfume dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 12 1-9... 

Frosch, P.J., Pilz, B., Andersen, K.E., Burrows, D., Camarasa, J.G., Dooms-Goossens, A., Ducombs,G., Fuchs, T., Hannuksela, M., and Lachapelle, J.M., Patch testing with fragrances results of a multi-center study of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group with 48 frequently used constituents of perfumes, Contact Dermatitis, 33, 333, 1995. 

Bordalo, O, Pereira, F., Ferreira, L., and Picoto, A., Patch testing with commercial perfumes (abstract), Contact Dermatitis, 42, 15, (suppl. 2), 2000. 

In allergic contact dermatitis due to topical medicaments (6), any constituent of the formulation can be responsible for the adverse event—the vehicle, preservative, emulsifier, perfume, or the active drug. Hence, patch tests should be carried out with all active and supposedly inactive ingredients of the incriminated topical drug. 

Schubert HJ. Skin diseases in workers at a perfume factory. Contact Dermatitis 2006 55(2) 81—3. 

Perfumes, preservatives, and emollients in cosmetic products are reported to be the major sources of adverse effects [207], The problems that have been reported include temporary hair loss, contact dermatitis, scalp seborrhea, photosensitivity reaction, and mild acneform eruptions and folliculitis [208], Bergfield attributes these problems either to preservatives or medicated ingredients rather than the active ingredients of hair products. 

Creosote Bush. Leonforte (1986) reported six confirmed cases of acute allergic dermatitis subsequent to contact with the creosote bush. Two cases were the result of "casual occupations," two were the result of household remedies, and two were the result of burning the bush. Based on his findings, the author concluded that the allergens are probably contained in the plant s perfume, are volatile, and are not destroyed by heat. In contrast, no adverse treatment-related effects were reported for 23 patients treated topically with an extract of creosote bush (concentration not stated) in castor oil (Heron and Yamell 2001). 

Rodriquez, E., and J. Mitchell. 1977 Absence of contact hypersensitivity to some perfume materials derived from Compositae species. Contact Dermat. 3 (3) 168-169. 

Allergic contact dermatitis confirmed by patch testing was reported in two patients repeatedly exposed to perfumes or cosmetics containing bergamot orange (Zacher and Ippen 1984). 

Allergic contact dermatitis due to lemon peel oil (among other products) was reported in perfume factory workers routinely exposed to essential oils and related compounds (Schubert 2006). A case of allergy to lemon peel essential oil has been reported and confirmed by patch testing (Audicana and Bernaola 1994). 

An anaphylactic reaction to tangerine has been reported and confirmed by patch testing (Ebo et al. 2007). Contact dermatitis due to tangerine essential oil in a perfume has also been reported and confirmed by patch testing (Vilaplana 2002). 

Fisher AA (1975 a) Patch testing with perfume ingredients. Contact Dermatitis 1 166-168 Fisher AA (1975 b) Allergic contact dermatitis from Germall 115, a new cosmetic preservative. Contact Dermatitis 1 126... 

Rothenborg HW, Hjorth N (1968) Allergy to perfumes from toilet soaps and detergents in patients with dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 97 417-421 Roupe G, Strannegaard O (1969) Anaphylactic shock elicited by topical administration of bacitracin. Arch Dermatol 100 450-452... 

Johanson, J.D., Rastogi, S.C., Andersen, K.E., Menne, T., Content and reactivity to product perfumes in fragrance mix positive and negative eczema patients. A study of perfumes used in toileries and skin-care products. Contact Dermatitis, 36, 291-296,1997. 

Contact urticaria usually clears spontaneously repeated exposure may produce dermatitis (eczema). In addition, it may be associated with allergic contact dermatitis (type-IV hypersensitivity), von Krogh and Maibach [4] tested 67 patients for immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, and 22 (33%) developed a positive delayed response subsequent to the initial wheal-and-flare reaction. The responsible agents were food products, rubber latex, cinnamic aldehyde, para-aminodiphenylamine, ethylaminobenzoate, ammonium persulfate, teak, epoxy resin and lemon perfume. They suggested that the term contact dermatitis of immediate and delayed type be used for patients exhibiting both types of reactions in the test situation, whether the initial reaction is uncharacteristic, urticarial or vesicular [4]. 

When an individual develops PICD to a fragrance product, it usually appears as a hyperpigmented macule at the site of application of the perfume or cologne. This is the so-called berloque dermatitis [2]. 

Dahlquist I, Fregert S (1980) Contact allergy to atranorin in lichens and perfumes. Contact Dermatitis 6 111-119... 

Detailed patch testing of patients with other types of eczema, (seborrhoeic, discoid, stasis, etc.) has demonstrated that they frequently have contact allergies to topical medicaments, preservatives or perfumes, but the relevance is usually uncertain. Whether the frequency is higher than that in the normal population has not been settled. It is possible that a contact dermatitis is superimposed on the original eczema, and change of topical remedies can result in clearance. 

Usnic acid is found in oak moss and used in perfumes. Usnea barbata is a lichen species that occurs in oak moss. Cross-reactions between structurally related lichen compounds are unclear, but must be considered (Mitchell 1965 Hausen et al. 1993). Contact dermatitis in vaginal ovules and contact allergy in deodorant spray has been reported (Hein and Tarnick 1987 Rafanelli et al. 1995). The patch-test concentration is 0.1% pet. Allergic reactions are rare or uncommon. 

Goodfield and Saihan (1988) found a 44% prevalence of sensitivity to one or more fragrances in 35 coal miners, compared with 22% in male and 17% in female non-miner controls. The high frequency was attributed to the use of a highly perfumed body lotion provided at the pit-head bath, and to the facilitation of contact sensitisation due to the frequent occurrence of irritant dermatitis from working in the coal-mines (Goodfield and Saihan 1988). 

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