Creosote bush

Downum, K. R., Dole, J. and Rodriguez, E. 1988. Nordihyroguaiaretic acid inter- and intrapop-ulational variation in the Sonoran Desert creosote bush (Larrea tridentata, Zygophyllaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 16 551-555... 

The natural products chemistry of Larrea. Pages 115-134 in T.J. Mabry, J. H. Hunziker and D. R. DiFeo, Jr., (eds.). Creosote Bush—Biology and Chemistry of Larrea in New World Deserts. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania. 

Plant parts often differ in their levels of secondary metabolites (Table 11.4), some containing extremely high levels. For example, the creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, of the western United States has phenolic resins concentrated in leaves, amounting to as much as 18% of dry weight. In experiments, desert woodrats, Neotoma lepida, selected plant parts of creosote bush with low levels of resins (Meyer and Karazov 1989). 

Very little information exists on the phenolic protein-conplexing resins, except for that on creosote bush and sane arctic plants. In contrast to condensed tannins and hydrolyzable tannins, these are typically ether-soluble compounds this may allow their entry into the body across cell membranes, and thios give them the potential for action outside the gut lumen. Reports for animals consuming seaweed indicate that astringent protein-precipitating substances (presumably phlorotannins), are potentially important in marine plant-herbivore interactions. 

Black bush Chaparral Chaparral Creosote bush Creosote bush Creosotum... 

LT025 Fronczek, F. R., P. Caballero, N. H. Fischer, S. Fernandez, E. Hernandez, and L. M. Hurtado. The molecular structure of 3 -demethoxynorisoguai-acin triacetate from creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). J Nat Prod 1987 50(3) 497-499. 

Karasow. Detoxification in relation to toxin tolerance in desert woodrats eating creosote bush. J Chem Ecol 2001 27(12) 559-2578. 

LT043 Heosn, S., and E. Yarnell. The safety of low-dose Larrea tridentata (DG) Goville (creosote bush or chaparral) A retrospective clinical study. J Alt Complement Med 2001 7(2) 175-185. 

LT046 Granados, H., and R. Gardenas. Biliary calculi in the golden hamster. XXXVII. The prophylactic action of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in pigmented cholelithiasis produced by vitamin A. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1994 59(1) 31-35. 

LT048 Moinuddin, S. G., S. Hishiyama, M. H. Cho, L. B. Davin, and N. G. Lewis. Synthesis and chiral HPLC analysis of the dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans, larreatricins, 8 -epi-larreatricins, 3,3 -didemethoxyverrucosins and meso-3,3 -didemethoxynectandrin B in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) evidence for regiospecific control of coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2003 1(13) 2307-2313. 

LT049 Page. J. O. Determination of nord-hydroxyguaiaretic acid in creosote bush. Anal Chem 1955 27 1266— 1268. 

Creosote bush United States Larrea tridentata... 

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid occurs as the mesoform in the resinous exudate of the creosote bush (Larrea divaricata syn. L. tridentata). Under the generic name masoprocol, it has become available... 

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral creosote bush, greasewood, stinkweed)... 

Creosote is the common name applied to variety of products, including coal tar, coal tar pitch, wood creosote, and coal tar creosote. These materials are created by the high temperature treatment of hardwoods or coal, or from the sap of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Some of these compounds are used medicinally, as disinfectants or laxatives, and to treat skin diseases. They are also used as coatings to prevent the decomposition of wood, as insecticides, and fungicides. 

Cho, M.H., Moinuddin, S.G.A., Helms, G.L., Hishiyama, S., Eichinger, D., Davin, L.B. and Lewis, N.G. (2003) (+)—Larreatricin hydroxylase, an enantio-specific polyphenol oxidase from the creosote bush Larrea tridentata). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 100,19641-6. 

Fig. 29.15 Chronic toxic hepatitis after 10 months chaparral ( creosote bush ) automedication. Laparoscopy marked acinar structure, irregular chagreen-like surface (splintered light reflex) and extremely fine fibrosis histology single cell necrosis, slight inflammatory infiltrations and moderate steatosis...

The major phenolic component of Larrea tridentata (chaparral, creosote bush) is a catechol lignan called nordihydroguaiaretic acid. It causes lymphatic and renal lesions when given chronically in high doses to rodents. 

Shasky DR. Contact dermatitis from Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) J Am Acad Dermatol 1986 15(2 Pt 1) 302. 

Creosote is primarily used as a wood preservative in the United States. It has been used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and a germicide, as a hop defoliant antifungal preparation, and as an animal or bird repellent. The leaves of the creosote bush may be used in herbal remedies or dietary supplements. 

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