Perfumes ingredients

The transparency, solvent resistance, and attractive feel of ionomer mol dings have resulted in a substantial European market in stoppers for botdes containing expensive perfumes. This is a demanding appHcation since no loss of perfume ingredients can be tolerated. 

Natural Products. Various methods have been and continue to be employed to obtain useful materials from various parts of plants. Essences from plants are obtained by distillation (often with steam), direct expression (pressing), collection of exudates, enfleurage (extraction with fats or oils), and solvent extraction. Solvents used include typical chemical solvents such as alcohols and hydrocarbons. Liquid (supercritical) carbon dioxide has come into commercial use in the 1990s as an extractant to produce perfume materials. The principal forms of natural perfume ingredients are defined as follows the methods used to prepare them are described in somewhat general terms because they vary for each product and suppHer. This is a part of the industry that is governed as much by art as by science. 

Most of the impact is created by providing the materials contained in the product. This includes production of waste and consumption of energy in producing the raw materials. Typical high impact materials would include rare metals, natural extracts such as perfume ingredients, and energy intensive materials such as bricks and concrete. Electronic and electrical equipment are typical of products in this category. 

Elf-SRTI An industrial chromatographic process developed by Elf Aquitane Development and the Societe de Recherches Techniques et Industrielles. Multiple beds are used. Used for separating perfume ingredients and proposed for separating aliphatic hydrocarbons. 

The examples summarized in Table 5 and in Sect. 5 of this review illustrate the applicability of RCM to the preparation of various macrocyclic perfume ingredients [30], pheromones [30], antibiotics [31-35], crown ethers [36], cyclic peptides [37],catenanes [38] and capped calixarenes [39]. 

Dihydrojasmonates are ubiquitous and cheap perfume ingredients. Firmenich established that (+)-cis-methyl dihydrojasmonate (Fig. 37.20) is the preferred stereoisomer, and subsequently developed an enantioselective process and began production on a multi-ton per year scale [82, 83]. 

Tacke et al. have also studied the bioisosterism of fragrance materials and reported the synthesis of silamajantol, hydroxymethyldimethyl(3-methylbenzyl)silane 42, which shows drastically different sensory characteristics compared to the parent majantol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)propanol 43, an important perfume ingredient.203,204... 

Jeff Quigg says the mixing of a perfume is "a trial and error process." An experienced perfumer must memorize a vast library of hundreds or even thousands of individual scents and combinations of scents. Perfume ingredients can be divided into natural essential oils (derived directly from plants) and aromatic chemicals (synthetically produced fragrance components). 

Concretes are prepared by extracting fresh plant material with nonpolar solvents (e.g., toluene, hexane, petroleum ether). On evaporation, the resulting residue contains not only volatile fragrance materials, but also a large proportion of nonvolatile substances including waxy compounds. For this reason, concretes (like pomades) are not completely soluble in alcohol and, thus, find limited use as perfume ingredients. However, they can be employed in the scenting of soaps. 

Absolutes are prepared by taking up concretes in ethanol. Compounds that precipitate on cooling are then removed by filtration. After evaporation of the ethanol, a wax-free residue called an absolute is left behind. Absolutes are completely soluble in ethanol and, therefore, can be freely used as perfume ingredients. They are usually formed in a yield of ca. 50%, based on the concrete as starting material. 

The alcohols occur in oil of rose and other flower essences. They have geranium or rose odors and are important perfume ingredients. The aldehydes have much stronger citruslike odors and occur as major or minor constituents in many essential oils, such as oil of citronella, oil of lemon, and so on. 

The existing voluntary labelling of detergents now forms part of this Regulation and this has been expanded to list any preservative used in the product and the presence of allergenic perfume ingredients (as defined by the Scientific Committee on Cosmetics and Non Food Products) in excess of 0.01%. 

Civetone (a perfume ingredient from the civet cat) (heptadec = 17)... 

Musk ambrette, a perfume ingredient (from compounds with 7 carbons or fewer)... 

Significantly, the previously developed chiral amine based catalysts that we and MacMillan and co-workers have studied have not been of use for sterically nonhindered aliphatic substrates. For example, citral (29), of which the hydrogenation product citronellal (30) is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of menthol and used as a perfume ingredient, could not readily be used (Scheme 26, Eq. 41). We could... 

Perfume ingredients Contact allergy has caused pigmentation of the face (21)... 

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