Compositae species

Kaurenoid Diterpenoids.—ent-1 la-Acetoxykaur-16-en-15-one and its dihydroderivative have been obtained from the liverwort Jungermannia infusca. ent-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid has been detected in a number of Stevia (Compositae) species, and ent-3j8-acetoxy- and ent-lla-acetoxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acids have been isolated from Helichrysum cooperii (Compositae). ent-16/8-Hydroxy-... 

Although the compound known today as dehydromatricaria ester (1) was obtained crystalline from essential oils as long ago as 1826 the first correct structure assignment for a natural acetylene, tariric acid (octadec-6-ynoic acid), a component of the seed fat of the Simarubaceae Picramnia tariri DC., was published in 1902". The elucidation of the structure of lachnophyllum ester (2) from the Compositae Lachnophyllum gossipinum Bge. appeared in 1935 and was followed from 1941 onwards by those of several acetylenes from Compositae species headed by matricaria... 

It has been claimed that (186) is a new carotane derivative isolated from the Compositae species Inula crithmoides,103 There is little doubt, however, that this compound is in fact vaginatin, first reported in 1968.104... 

A la-acetoxy-derivative of ozic acid (5) and the 12,13-epoxide (6) were amongst the diterpenoids obtained" from Mikania (Compositae) species. The angelate and tiglate esters of 19-hydroxylabd-7,13-dien-15-oic acid were isolated" from Brickellia argyrolepsis (Compositae). The corresponding diol, villenol, the 7a-alcohol, villenatriol, the 7-ketone, villenolone, and the 7-keto-... 

Naturally Occurring Substances.— Tall oil, obtained as a by-product of pulping conifer wood chips, contains a mixture of fatty and diterpenoid resin acids and neutral compounds. The latter include" pimara-8(14),15-diene-3/S,18-diol, abieta-8,ll,13-triene-15,18-diol, 19-hydroxy-15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17)-en-13-one, 8,13i8-epoxylabd-14-en-6a-ol (6a-hydroxy-13-epimanoyl oxide), and the 9,10-secoabietatriene (41). The latter was also isolated from the bark of the jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and western white pine (P. monticola). A range of 7-monohydroxy, 1,7- and 1,11-dihydroxy-, and 1,7,11-trihydroxy-sandaraco-pimaradienes and their acetates (42) have been obtained" from Zexmenia (Compositae) species. The l,ll-diacetoxy-7-ketone and 6,7-epoxide were also isolated. 

Surveys have appeared of the carotenoids in many blue-green algae,and Compositae species. 

Rodriquez, E., and J. Mitchell. 1977 Absence of contact hypersensitivity to some perfume materials derived from Compositae species. Contact Dermat. 3 (3) 168-169. 

Hausen, B.M., and RE. Osmimdsen 1983. Contact allergy to parthenoUde in Tarmcetum parthenium (L.) Schulz-Bip. (feverfew, Asteraceae) and cross-reactions to related sesquiterpene lactone containing Compositae species. Acta Derm. Venereol. 63(4) 308-314. 

Asteraceae) and cross-reactions to related sesquiterpene lactone containing Compositae species. Acta Derm Venereol... 

This model can be applied to the terpene-producing trichomes that typify Compositae species. Trichomes are clearly the primary sites of physical compaitmentation of terpenoid biosynthesis. Multiple compartmentalized biosynthetic sites probably occur within the secretory cells of the trichomes 234). Thus, expression of a well-developed sesquiterpene and/or diterpene chemistry in a plant may only be the result of the activation of specific, preexisting biosynthetic sites. ... 

The Compositae or Asteraceae family comprises a diverse group of species which are valuable for human food, oil production, ornamentals, insecticides, medicinal uses, and industrial applications (reviewed in Dempewolf et al., 2(X)8). Tissue culture techniques are available for some of the species however, this family is considered recalcitrant regarding DH techniques. In the author s laboratory, experiments were conducted in an effort to develop an efficient and consistent protocol for the production of DHs in a few of the compositae species. Anther culture, isolated microspore culture, and ovary culture were explored by testing preculture factors (eg, growth conditions of donor plants, genotype, and pretreatments) and postculture factors (eg, media and incubation conditions) (Ferrie, 2007 Ferrie and Caswell, 201 la) with limited success. 

---