Penicillium funiculosum

The poly(HA) depolymerases of the bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis (strains AE122 and Tl), Comamonas acidovorans, Comamonas testosteroni, Comamonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas lemoignei, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia pickettii, Streptomyces exfoliatus, and of the fungi Paecilomyces lilaci-nus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Penicillium pinophilum have been purified and characterized (for details see Table 1). Poly(HA) depolymerases share several characteristics ... 

High levels of Ci are found in culture filtrates of only a few cellulolytic microorganisms high levels of Cx are found in many. Many culture filtrates rich in Cx contain no Ci, but the converse is not true. Good examples of culture filtrates rich in C i are those from the fungi Fusarium solani (12, 20, 21), Penicillium funiculosum (13, 21), Sporotrichum pul-verulentum (23,24), and Trichoderma koningii (25,26,27), but culture filtrates of T. viride (28-32), particularly T. xeesei (33) (formerly T. viride QM 6a) and derived mutants (34), appear to be the best. 

Many fungi are capable of producing extracellular enzymes that can degrade cellulose. They are Trichoderma (T) reesei, T. viride, T. koningii, T. lignorum, Penicillium funiculosum, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and so on. Bacterial species such as Cellulomonas along with Clostridium thermocellum can also produce cellulases (Marsden and Gray, 1986). 

The probes of this type were shown to selectively label at least 75% of human kinases in crude cell lysates, thus demonstrating their selectivity and promiscuity for kinases [101]. As a follow up, the labeled kinases were subjected to proteolytic digestion, and the biotinylated peptides purified on avidin beads and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. This analysis demonstrated that the site of probe labeling was indeed the conserved active-site lysine as predicted. In contrast to the promiscuity demonstrated by the acyl phosphate probes, several selective covalent inhibitors of protein kinases have been used as ABPP probes. Wortmannin is a natural product derived from the fungus Penicillium funiculosum. It is a potent and specific covalent inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the PI3K-related kinase (PIKK) families [102, 103]. The use of natural products in relation to ABPP is covered by Breinbauer et al. [104]. 

Penicillium chrysogenum s Penicillium decumbens Penicillium funiculosum s Penicillium notatum s Penicillium ochrochloron Penicillium purpurogenum Penicillium rugulosum Penicillium variabile s Phoma spp. ... 

Typical fungi used in these tests include Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium funiculosum and either Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Gliocladium virens (which is also known as Trichoderma viride). 

Figure 5.7 Synthesis of Pen III, a metabolite of Penicillium funiculosum with fruiting-body inducing activity against Schizophyllum commune...

Figures 5.7-5.9 were synthesized. Pen III (129) is a metabolite of Penicillium funiculosum isolated as a fruiting inducer against Schizophyllum commune. Its synthesis was carried out, as shown in Figure 5.7, employing Garner s aldehyde (D) as a starting material.13 The aldehyde D is not so unstable, and does not racemize easily. For the preparation of (-R)-hydroxy acid C, ( )-C was subjected to asymmetric acetylation with vinyl acetate in the presence of lipase PS.13...

Penicillium funiculosum Paecilomyces variotti Aspergillus niger Trichoderma longibrachiatum Chaetomium globosum... 

Test Cone. (%) Penicillium funiculosum Paecilomyces Aspergillus variotti niger Trichoderma longibracMatum Chaetomium globosum... 

Monascus ruber Monascus ruber Penicillium rubrum Talaromyces udagawae Penicillium rubrum Penicillium wortmannii Penicillium vermiculatum Penicillium funiculosum Penicillium vermiculatum Talaromyces tardifaciens Penicillium wortmannii Aspergillus ustus... 

Certain cellulolytic fungi yield cell-free filtrates capable of extensive degradation of highly ordered forms of cellu-losic material. These filtrates have been shoum to contain a so-called Cj-component, which, although essential for this type of activity, is virtually without action when freed from the other (Cx) components. Crcomponents, with very similar properties, have been isolated from Trichoderma viride and from Penicillium funiculosum. The powerful synergistic action on cotton previously found between the Ct and Cx components of T. viride was also displayed by those from P. funiculosum cross-synergism has also been demonstrated. An attempt has been made to explain the role of Ct in the solubilization of cotton. 

Heterologous Expression of Two Ferulic Acid Esterases from Penicillium funiculosum... 

Penicillium funiculosum [26] Xyianse, glucoamylase, pectinase, cellulase, cellobiase. 

The active entity of this interferon-inducing extract from Penicillium stoloniferum has been finally identified as a double-stranded RNA, probably from a virus infection of the fungus [124, 125], so it is no longer a unique antiviral agent. The same applies to helenine, the antiviral extract from Penicillium funiculosum [126]. 

C15H20O2, Mr 232.32, colorless crystals, mp. 82 °C, bp. 275 °C, [a] 3 +197° (CHCI3), almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. The name of this tricyclic sesquiterpene lactone is derived from the Asteraceae ]nula helenium originally indigenous to Central Asia. H. was isolated for the first time from the essential oil of the roots (Inula oil). H. is also an older synonym for helenalin as well as the name for a metabolite from Penicillium funiculosum (ribonucleoprotein). Because of its a-methylene-y-lactone structure H. is a contact allergen. 

Penicillium funiculosum, a common Deuteromycete isolated from soil and environmental sources, has been shown to produce a number of biologically active compounds of potential interest to the biotechnology industry. The organism s ability to secrete a range of cellulases, hemicellulases, and other polysaccharide degrading enzymes is of interest to the emerging biomass conversion industry . 

Penicillium funiculosum cel7a mature protein coding sequence was expressed under three different signal sequences in pFE2 vector (Figure 1). These three signal sequences included the native P. funiculosum cel7a, T reesei... 

Figure 19 A molecular surface representation of the PHA depolymerase from Penicillium funiculosum cemmQ on the mouth of the crevice. The positions of solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues (purple), as well as polar (green) and catalytic triad (cyan) residues, are indicated. A model of the 3HB trimer bound in the crevice is shown as a yellow stick model. Reproduced with permission from Hisano, T. Kasuya, K. Tezuka, Y. etal. The Crystal Structure of Polyhydroxybutyrate Depolymerase from Penicillium funiculosum Provides Insights into the Recognition and Degradation of Biopolyesters, J. Mol. Biol. 2006, 356, 993, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier.

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