Penicillium chrysogenum

The first penicillin was benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, R = C6H5 CH2 C0 NH-), which is made by growing suitable strains of Penicillium chrysogenum on a carbohydrate medium. 

Penicillium chrysogenum can produce 1000 times more penicillin than Fleming s original culture8... 

A 30 ml sample of broth from penicillin fermentation is filtered in the laboratory on a 3 cm2 filter at a pressure drop of 5 psi. The filtration time is 4.5 minutes. Previous studies have shown that the filter cake of Penicillium chrysogenum is significantly compressible with S = 0.5. If 500 litres of fermentation broth from a pilot plant have to be filtered in 1 hour, what size of filter is required for a pressure drop of 10 psi and 5 psi Neglect the resistance of the filter medium. 

Filtration of 300 ml of fermentation broth was carried out in a laboratory-sized filter with a pressure drop of lOpsi. The filtration took 20 min. Based on previous studies, the filter cake obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum was compressible with the exponent 5 in the equation for calculation of filter area equal to 0.5. 

The mould isolated by Fleming was Penicillium notatum. He noted that it killed his culture of Staphylococcus aureus. Production of penicillin has been superceded by a better antibiotic-producing mould species, Penicillium chrysogenum. Development of submerged culture techniques has enhanced the cultivation of the mould in large-scale operations using sterile air supply. 

Penicillin Penicillium chrysogenum Gram-positive bacteria Wall synthesis... 

From fermentation solutions of Penicillium notatum Westling or Penicillium chrysogenum Thom by addition of phenylacetic acid as precursor. 

With the knowledge of the basic tests on particle stress in model particle systems [45] and [47], Jiisten [60] selected similar stirrer types and operating conditions for his tests on stress on the myceUal microorganism, Penicillium chrysogenum. These experiments were carried out with sufficient oxygen supply so that the results may only be interpreted as due to different stress. 

Fig. 24. Influence of impeller type and working conditions on productivity P/Xt and growth rate p of Penicillin G batch fermentations with Penicillium chrysogenum (left hand diagram data from [60]) and correlation by using the turbulent stress Tt corresponding to Eq. (28) (right hand diagram) symbol explanations see Fig. 23...

Acyl carrier proteint2] Adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase (Penicillium chrysogenum)[3]... 

Goodacre, R. Trew, S. Wrigley-Jones, C. Saunders, G. Neal, M. J. Porter,N. Kell, D. B. Rapid and quantitative analysis of metabolites in fermentor broths using pyrolysis mass spectrometry with supervised learning Application to the screening of Penicillium chrysogenum fermentations for the overproduction of penicillins. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995,313, 25 43. 

Kleijn, R.J., Liu, F., Winden, W.A.v. et al. (2007) Cytosolic NADPH metabolism in penicillin-G producing and non-producing chemostat cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. Metabolic Engineering, 9, 112-123. 

Nagamune, T., Endo, I., Kato, N., Nishimura, M., and Kobayashi, T., The Effect of Cultivation Conditions on the Penicillin Production Using a Urethane Foam-Supported Penicillium chrysogenum, Bioproc. Eng., 3 173 (1988)... 

MR, Mortierella ramannianus PC, Penicillium chrysogenum are used as antifungal agents. 

In the bacterium Penicillium chrysogenum the genomic PPTase is similar to others. When the gene was knocked out, the bacteria needed lysine to survive and no longer produced penicillin or pigmentation. However the bacterium still completed the syntheses of roquefortine, another mycotoxin, and fatty acids. This work suggests that the pptase gene is not needed for the synthesis of fatty acids and roquefortine in this species of bacteria. 

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