Glutamate production

The pyrido[2,3-, pyrimidines 560 and 562 were prepared as analogues of the multitargeted antifolate (MTA) by the reaction of /3-keto ester 558 with either 2,4-diamino-6(l//)pyrimidinone 490 or 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine 466, followed by saponification of the resulted glutamate products 559 and 561, respectively (Scheme 25) <1997H(45)2229>. 

Zhao J., Lopez A. L., Erichsen D., Herek S., Cotter R. L., Curthoys N. P., and Zheng J. (2004). Mitochondrial glutaminase enhances extracellular glutamate production in HIV-1-infected macrophages linkage to HIV-1 associated dementia. J. Neurochem. 88 169-180. 

A variety of bacterial species have been used for almost 40 years in the large-scale fermentative production of amino acids for industrial uses. The Corynebacteria have been most widely used in this application as a result of their propensity to overproduce and excrete very high concentrations of amino acids under specific process conditions and their early development for monosodium glutamate production. However, other organisms including E. coli have also been successfully used in the production of amino acids such as phenylalanine. 

Kim, H.S. and Ruy, D.D.Y. 1982. Continuous Glutamate Production Using an Immobilized Whole-Cell System. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 24, 2167-2174. 

Stansen C, Uy D, Delaunay S et al (2005) Characterization of a Corynebacterium glutamicum lactate utilization operon induced during temperature-triggered glutamate production. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 5920-5928... 

Glutamate Glucose Metabolic flux analysis of glutamate production [117]... 

Matsunaga, T. et al. Glutamate production from COj by marine cyanobacterium, Syn-echococcus sp. Using a novel biosolar reactor employing light-diffusing optical fibers, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 28/29, 157, 1991. 

Assay techniques Assays of GOGAT rely on measuring fluorometricaUy or spectrophotometricaHy the oxidation of reductant (Ahmed et al., 1971 Avila et al, 1987 Clayton and Ahmed, 1986 Inokuchi et al, 1999), or measuring products of enzyme activity (e.g., C-glutamate production CuUimore and Sims, 1981 Prusiner and Milner, 1970). As for other enzyme assays, these assays are... 

Matsunaga, T., Takeyama, H., Suso, H., Oyama, N., Ariura, S., Takano, H., Hirano, M., Burgess, J. G., Sode, K. and Nakamura, N., (1991), Glutamate production from CO2 by marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. using a novel biosolar reactor employing light diffusing optical fibers. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 28/29,157-167. 

One of the two glutamate products of this reaction is then used as a substrate in a glutamine synthase-catalyzed reaction. Consequently, in plants, there is a net production of one molecule of glutamate for every NH4 that enters the process ... 

Acetic acid and ethanol are also good carbon sources for glutamate production. Ethanol seems to be used after conversion to acetic acid in the cells of the... 

Effects of the changes in enzyme activities on metabolic flux redistribution around the 2-oxoglutarate branch in glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 25 (5), 291-298. 

Schultz, C., Niebisch, A., Gebel, L., and Bott, M. (2007) Glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum ... 

Kim, J., Fukuda, H., Hirasawa, X, Nagahisa, K., Nagai, K., Wachi, M., and Shimizu, H. (2010) Requirement of de novo synthesis of the OdhI protein in penicillin-induced glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 86 (3), 911-920. 

Effect of odhA overexpression and odhA antisense RNA expression on Tween-40-triggered glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 81 (6), 1097-1106. 

Sato, H., Orishimo, K., Shirai, T., Hirasawa, T., Nagahisa, K., Shimizu, H., and Wachi, M. (2008) Distinct roles of two anaplerotic pathways in glutamate production induced by biotin limitation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. 

Hirasawa T, Wachi M, Nagai K. (2000). A mutation in the Corynebacterium glutamicum ItsA gene causes susceptibility to lysozyme, temperature-sensitive growth, and L-glutamate production. J Bacterial, 182, 2696-2701. 

Kawahara Y, Takahashi-Fuke K, Shimizu E, Nakamatsu T, Nakamori S. (1997). Relationship between the glutamate production and the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in Brevibacterium lactofermentum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 61, 1109-1112. 

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