Penicillins ticarcillin

Penicillins. This group includes penicillin G (benzyl-penicillin), penicillin VK (phenoxymethyl-penicillin), the isoxazolyl penicillins oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and nafcillin, the amino-penicillins ampicillin, hetacillin and amoxycillin, the carboxy-penicil-lin carbenicillin, and the thienyl-penicillin ticarcillin. 

TICARCILLIN/CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM (Timentin powder for injection 3 g ticarcillin (as disodium) and 0.1 g clavulanic acid (as potassium) (contains 4.75 mEq sodium and 0.15 mEq potassium/g), injection solution 3 g ticarcillin (as disodium) and 0.1 g clavulanic acid (as potassium) per 100 mL (contains 18.7 mEq sodium and 0.5 mEq potassium per 100 mL)) Ticarcillin/clavulanate potassium is an extended-spectrum penicillin. Ticarcillin inhibits bacterial cell wall mucopep-tide synthesis. Clavulanate lactamase enzymes are commonly found in microorganisms resistant to ticarcillin. They are indicated in the treatment of bacterial septicemia, skin and skin structure infections, lower respiratory tract infections, bone and joint infections, GU and gynecologic infections, and intra-abdominal infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria. 

Penicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin, ticarcillin, aminoglycosides, and amphotericin B... 

The answer is b. (Hardman, pp 1077—1086.) Piperacillin is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin for parenteral use. Its spectrum of activity includes various Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas. The indications for piperacillin are similar to those for car-benicillin, ticarcillin, and mezlocillin, with the primary use being sus-... 

Aninoglycosides Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin Penicillins Ampicillin Ampicillin-sulbactam Ticarcillin-davulanate Piperacillin-tazobactam Cephalosporins, first-, second-, and third-generation... 

Penicillins available with specific efficacy against Pseudomonas spp. include carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Both are very effective but require high dosage (50 mg/kg). They can also be used concurrently with aminoglycosides but should be injected separately. Cost is a limiting factor in the use of these drugs. 

Penicillins form several major metabolites which are excreted in the urine (83,84). These metabolites are usually inactive microbio-logically and they would not be detected by the usual microbiological tests. There are no analytical methods for these metabolites in tissues and, therefore, little is known as to their occurrence and persistence in tissues. There are no methods available for identifying residues of some commonly used B-lactam antibiotics including carbenicillin and ticarcillin. For cephapirin and ampicillin, except for one HPLC method for ampicillin in milk (79) only TLC procedures (72-74,76) with detection by bioautography are reported. 

Finally, the fourth type of replacement in the side acyl region of penicillins is the replacement by dicarboxylic acid derivatives (carbenicillin, ticarcillin). 

Mezlocillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin are parenteral antibiotics formulated as sodium salts, so prescribers must consider the sodium content of these antibiotics when administering them to patients with congestive heart failure. During their distribution phase, antipseudomonal penicillins achieve orfly low concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. Consequently, antipseudomonal penicillins are not among the drugs of first choice for meningitis therapy. 

The antipseudomonal penicillins undergo renal elimination (Table 45.1). Piperacillin and ticarcillin have minimal hepatic metabolism. In contrast, mezlocillin has significant hepatic metabolism and requires dose adjustment in patients with hepatic insufficiency. 

The antipseudomonal penicillins have comparable spectra of activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including most anaerobes. Mezlocillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin have similar clinical outcomes in patients with known or suspected P. aeruginosa infections. Antipseudomonal penicillins are used to treat pneumonias associated with cystic fibrosis or mechanical ventilation. 

Rx amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, methicillin, mezlocillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G benzathine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin Vpotassium, piperacillin, pivampicillin, pivme-cillinam, ticarcillin Penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors amoxicillin/ clavulanate potassium, ampicillin/sulbactam sodium, piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sodium, ticarcillin disodium/clavulanate potassium Chemical Class Penicillin, natural... 

A free carboxylic acid group also enhances the antibacterial spectmm in the penicillin series. Acylation of 6-APA (2-4) with the half-acid chloride (6-1) from benzyl phenylmalonate leads to the amide (6-2). Removal of the benzyl protecting group by catalytic hydrogenation [8] or by enzymatic hydrolysis [9] affords carben-cillin (6-3). A similar sequence starting with 3-thiophenylmalonic acid leads to the considerably more potent analogue ticarcillin (6-4) [10]. 

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin are also available in combination with one of several 3-lactamase inhibitors davulanic acid, sulbactam, or tazobactam. The addition of a 3-lactamase inhibitor extends the activity of these penicillins to include 3-lactamase-producing strains of S aureus as well as some 3-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (see Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors). 

Antipseudomonal penicillin piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. 

Amoxycillin (AMO), ampicillin (AMP), penicillin-G (PenG), penicillin-V (PenV), oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLO), and dicloxacillin (DICL) are the main representatives of penicillins cephapyrin (CEP), ceftiofur (CEF), and cefadroxil (CFD) are the main representatives of cephalosporins. Other /3-lactams could be found in the food samples, e.g., methicillin (MET), piperacillin (PIP), nafcillin (NAF), and ticarcillin (TIC), among others. 

Antipseudomonal penicillin Carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin. ... 

Ticarcillin [34787-01-4] (SB) (52) is a significant penicillin antibiotic that incorporates the thiophene ring system. A number of routes to the required intermediate, 3-thiophenemalonic acid [21080-92-2], have been used over the years. Those from thiophene-based starting materials have involved 3-methylthiophene and 3-bromothiophene. 

Platelet dysfunction This side effect, which involves decreased agglutination, is observed with the antipseudomonal penicillins (carbenicillin and ticarcillin) and, to some extent, with penicillin G. It is generally a concern when treating patients predisposed to hemorrhage or those receiving anticoagulants. 

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