Pelvis

Fig. 1. Bone scan of a 75-year-old woman presented with acute onset of low back pain employing either Tc-medronate [25681-89-4] or Tc-oxidronate [14255-61-9]. The bone scan of (a) the anterior and (b) the posterior pelvis shows increased uptake in the region of the sacral bone (arrows). The bladder (arrowheads) is a normal route of tracer excretion and is also prominently identified in the image.

Summation The overall response is the arithmetic sum of the contribution brought by each receptor (e.g., NKX and NK2). Capsaicin-induced contraction of rat isolated urinary bladder, electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced nonadrenergic, noncholinergic contraction of the isolated guinea pig bronchus or renal pelvis when SP metabolism is blocked by peptidase inhibitors are all examples of summation. Both NK and NK2r antagonists are required to abolish such kind of response, but each antagonist substantially reduces the response... 

URINARY RETENTION. If a patient receives a cholinergic drug for the treatment of urinary retention, die nurse palpates die abdomen in the pelvis area to determine if distention is present. A rounded swelling over die pelvis usually indicates retention and a distended bladder. The patient may also complain of discomfort in the lower abdomen. In addition, die nurse takes die patient s blood pressure and pulse rate... 

Urinary fracf-d Natation of smooth muscles of the ureters and kidney pelvis, contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder... 

Cys/tt/sUnflammation of the bladder i/reffirft/sUnflammation of the urethra Prosfaf/f/s-inflammation of the male prostate gland Pyefonephritis-inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis... 

Oxolina (Rorer) wfm Pelvis (Coli) wfm Tilvis (Scharper) wfm Tiurasin (Bouty)... 

Rogers, T. and Saunders, S.R 1994 Accuracy of sex determination using morphological traits of the human pelvis. Journal of Forensic Sciences 39 1047-1056. 

Vascular inujury Major orthopedic surgery (e.g., knee and hip replacement) Trauma (esp. fractures of the pelvis, hip, or leg) Indwelling venous catheters... 

An abscess occurs if peritoneal contamination is localized but bacterial elimination is incomplete. The location of the abscess often is related to the site of primary disease. For example, abscesses resulting from appendicitis tend to appear in the right lower quadrant or the pelvis those resulting from diverticulitis tend to appear in the left lower quadrant or pelvis. A mature abscess may have a fibrinous capsule that isolates bacteria and the liquid core from antimicrobials and immunologic defenses. 

Changes to the urinary tract in pregnant women predispose them to an increased incidence of bacteriuria, and subsequent urinary tract infections that may follow. These changes are not limited to amino acid and other nutrient concentrations in the urine, but extend to physiologic changes such as reduced bladder tone and dilation of the renal pelvis and ureters.22,23... 

Kidney renal pelvis 19,600 (3%) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 9,600 (3%) Brain other nervous system 5,590 (2%)... 

Leukemia Kidney renal pelvis Liver intrahepatic bile duct... 

Tumor involves one or both ovaries with microscopic confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis... 

Stage IV = Growth involving one or both ovaries with distant metastasis beyond the pelvis (i.e. if pleural effusion present, confirm cytology or any parenchymal liver metastasis equals stage IV). 

A baseline chest x-ray, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis may be ordered by the oncologist as indicated clinically, depending on the patient s symptoms, the presence of lymph... 

Deep vein thrombosis A disorder of thrombus (blood clot) formation causing obstruction of a deep vein in the leg, pelvis, or abdomen. 

Hydronephrosis Distention of the pelvis and kidney with urine resulting from obstruction of the ureter. 

Nephrostomy Insertion of a catheter through the skin into the renal pelvis to bypass ureteral obstruction and facilitate urine drainage. 

Schmauz, R., Cole, P., Epidemiology of cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, JNCI, 52, 1431, 1974. 

Ross, R. K., Paganini-Hill, A., Landolph, J., Gerkins, V., Henderson, B. E., Analgesics, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors for cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, Cancer Res, 49, 1045, 1989. 

The cellular elements of the blood have a short life span and must be continuously replaced. The formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, collectively, is referred to as hematopoiesis. This process takes place in the red bone marrow. In adults, red bone marrow is found in the pelvis, ribs, and sternum. 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 649—650.) Acute hyperuricemia, which often occurs in patients who are treated with cytotoxic drugs for neoplasic disorders, can lead to the deposition of urate crystals in the kidneys and their collecting ducts. This can produce partial or complete obstruction of the collecting ducts, renal pelvis, or ureter. Allopurinol and its primary metabolite, alloxanthine, are inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypo xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. The use of allopurinol in patients at risk can markedly reduce the likelihood that they will develop acute uric acid nephropathy. 

Single oral dose of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg BW given to Ah-responsive pregnant mice on gestation day 11, 12, or 13 mice killed on day 18 of gestation Dose-dependent increase in embryo deaths, resorption of the conceptus, and frequency of developmental abnormalities (cleft palate, dilated kidney pelvis, thymus hypoplasia). ED50 for cleft palate was about 100 mg PCB 77/kg BW 10... 

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