Bacteria isolation

Fukasawa, S., Suda, T., and Kubota, S. (1988). Identification of luminous bacteria isolated from the light organ of the fish. Aeropoma japonicum. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52 285-286. 

Leucocidins kill leucocytes and are produced by many strains of streptococci, most strains of Staphylococcus aureus and likewise most strains of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, isolated from sites of infection. 

SRB, a diverse group of anaerobic bacteria isolated from a variety of environments, use sulfate in the absence of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration. During biofilm formation, if the aerobic respiration rate within a biofilm is greater than the oxygen diffusion rate, the metal/biofilm interface can become anaerobic and provide a niche for sulfide production by SRB. The critical thickness of the biofilm required to produce anaerobie conditions depends on the availability of oxygen and the rate of respiration. The corrosion rate of iron and copper alloys in the presence of hydrogen sulfide is accelerated by the formation of iron sulfide minerals that stimulate the cathodic reaction. 

Bacteria isolated from marine macrofaunal burrow sediments and assigned to Lutibac-terium anuloederans were able to degrade phenanthrene in a heavily contaminated sediment (Chung and King 2001). 

Marshall SJ, GF White (2001) Complete denitration of nitroglycerin by bacteria isolated from a washwater soakaway. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 2622-2626. 

Aitken MD, WT Stringfellow, RD Nagel, C Kazuga, S-H Chen (1998) Characteristics of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Can J Microbiol 44 143-152. 

Knoblauch C, K Sahm, BB Jbrgesen (1999) Psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from permanan-tly cold arctic marine sediments description of Desulfofrigus oceanense gen. nov., sp. nov., Desulfofri-gusfragile sp. nov., Desulfofaba gelida gen. nov., sp. nov., Desulfotalea psychrophila gen. nov., sp. nov., and Desulfotalea arctica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacterial 49 1631-1643. 

Master EM, WW Mohn (1998) Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from arctic soil that degrade polychlorinated biphenyls at low temperatnres. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 4823-4829. 

Nanninga HJ, JC Gottschal (1987) Properties of Desulfovibrio carbinolicus sp. nov. and other sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from an anaerobic-purification plant. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 802-809. 

The pathways for the degradation of toluene and xylene under denitrifying and sulfate-reducing conditions have been studied most extensively, and they take place by reactions quite different from those used by aerobic bacteria. As an example, two anaerobes affiliated with known sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from enrichments with crude oil were able to grow at the expense of a number of alkylated benzenes—strain oXySl with toluene, o-xylene, and o-ethyltoluene and strain mXySl with toluene, m-xylene, and m-ethyltoluene (Harms et al. 1999). 

Rafii F, W Franklin, RH Hetlich, CE Cerniglia (1991) Reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by anaerobic bacteria isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 51 962-968. 

S. Watanabe and H. Wada, Mugineic acid decomposing bacteria isolated from the rhizoplane of iron-deficient barley. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 60 413 (1989). 

Quinones, lipid-soluble substances involved in electron transport, can also be used as biomarkers. Lipski et al. (155) u.sed quinone analyses, physiological tests, and fatty acid profiles to differentiate Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria isolated from biofilters. Quinone type was found to be an efficient method to group isolates prior to the analysis of results from the physiological tests. The detection of quinones appears to be restricted to the discrimination of isolated colonies and has limited potential to the analysis of mixed populations. 

A. Lipski, S. Klatte, B. Bendinger, and K. Altendorf, Differentiation of gram-negative, non-fermentative bacteria isolated from biofilters on the basis of fatty acid composition, quinone system, and physiological reaction profile, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58 2060 (1992). 

A combination of aerobic and anaerobic organisms appears to increase the severity of infection. Facultative bacteria (such as E. coli) may provide an environment conducive to the growth of anaerobic bacteria.12 Although many bacteria isolated in mixed infections are nonpathogenic by themselves, their presence may be essential for the pathogenicity of the bacterial mixture.3 Facultative bacteria in mixed infections can ... 

McMeekin TA, Patterson JT. 1975. Characterization of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria isolated from meat and poultry plants. Appl Microbiol 29 165-169. 

Biochemical tests are usually performed after pure cultures have been obtained. The standard indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, and litmus milk tests may be used to show important physiological characteristics. To study the functional diversity of bacteria, the utilization of carbohydrates, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, amino acids, polymers, and other carbon and nitrogen sources can be tested.28 Dilution-based most-probable number (MPN) techniques with phospholipid fatty acids as biomarkers have been employed for studying different bacterial species in lakes.40 The patterns of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from natural waters have been useful for identifying sources of water pollution.34... 

Matteuzzi, D. Crociani, F. Cellulosolytic sporogenous bacteria isolated from sheep rumen. Anna . Microbiol. Enzimol. 1967,17,181-190. 

It is thought that bicarbonate excretions by oral tissues and the neutral pH of the saliva maintain a neutral pH in the areas inhabited by nitrite-producing bacteria, thus preventing nitrite becoming toxic to the resident bacterial flora in the oral cavity. As with denitrifying bacteria isolated from other environments... 

Shindo K, Machida M, Koide K, Fukumura M, Yamazaki R Deconjugation ability of bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluid of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and its gastric pH. Hepatogastroenterology 1998 45 1643— 1650. 

Rafii F, Franklin W, Cemiglia CE (1990) Azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. Appl Env Microbiol 56 2146-2151... 

Methyltins have also been isolated from seaweeds, and bacteria isolated from the seaweed-produced methyltins33. 

Jeanthon, C. and D. Prieur. 1990. Susceptibihty to heavy metals and characterization of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from two hydrothermal vent polychaete annelids, Alvinella pompejana and Alvinella caudata. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 3308-3314. 

Weizmann A process for producing acetone and //-butanol by the fermentation of carbohydrates by bacteria isolated from soil or cereals. Later work has shown that effective bacteria are Clostridium acetobutylicum and Bacillus granulobacter pectinorum. Used in Britain in World War I for the manufacture of acetone, needed for the production of cordite. Subsequently operated by Commercial Solvents Corporation in Terre Haute, IN, and in two plants in Canada. Later abandoned in favor of synthetic processes. Invented by C. Weizmann in the University of Manchester in 1915, based on earlier work at the Pastern Institute by A. Fembach and E. H. Strange (hence the alternative name Fembach-Strange-Weizmann). The money that Weizmann obtained from royalties on this process was used in founding the State of Israel, of which he was the first president. 

Willumsen and Karlson [125] screened 57 PAH-degrading bacteria isolated from PAH-contaminated soil for the production of biosurfactant compounds. The majority of the strains isolated on phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene were better emulsifiers than surface-tension reducers, and the stability of the... 

Willumsen, P. A. and Karlson, U. (1997). Screening of bacteria, isolated from PAH-contaminated soils, for production of biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers, Biodegradation, 7, 415-423. 

Fleck, L. C., Bicca, F. C. and Ayub, M. A. Z. (2000). Physiological aspects of hydrocarbon emulsification, metal resistance and DNA profile of biodegrading bacteria isolated from oil polluted sites, Biotechnol. Lett., 22, 285-289. 

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