Pathogenic bacteria and fungi

Bacillus anthracis Bordetella pertussis Clostridium bifermentans Clostridium botulinum Clostridium fallax Clostridium histolyticum Clostridium oedematiens Clostridium septicum Clostridium welchii (perfringens) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Flavobacterium meningosepticum Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae 

Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium leprae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Pasteurella pestis Pseudomonas pseudomallei Salmonella typhi Streptococcus pneumoniae Treponema pallidum Treponema pertenue Vibrio cholerae 

Aspergillus fumigatus Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis 

Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasma farcimimosum Paracoccidioides braziliensis 

Borrelia species Brucella abortus Brucella melitensis Brucella suis Fusobacterium fusiforme Haemophilus aegyptius Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus influenzae Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis 

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Hensel, M., Holden, D.W. 1996. Molecular genetic approaches for the study of virulence in both pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Microbiology 142 1049-1058. 

As discussed previously see Chapter 5), pathogenic bacteria and fungi synthesize a number of compounds that help to break down host tissues and to weaken the host plant. Similar phytotoxins, especially those produced by bacteria, are peptides typically with molecular weights less than 600. However, in contrast to the compounds of fungi, most bacterial toxins exhibit an overall lack of specificity (Mitchell, 1981). In some cases, these phytotoxins are produced in conjunction with phytotoxins from other biosynthetic groups of compounds. For example, in addition to the polyketide-derived compounds involved in the attack on elm trees by Ceratocystis ulmi, phytotoxic glycoproteins are also released (Harbome, 1988 Wood et al., 1972). 

Mechanisms which cause loss of lAA production in savastanoi offer explanations for the spontaneous non-lethal loss of virulence commonly observed in both plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Expression of virulence in such pathogens could be associated with the production of a secondary metabolite. 

A number of EO are known for their strong anti-microbial activities against many pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Curcumin and its derivatives. 

The popular belief that hydrocarbon polymers do not biodegrade at molar mass above 500 is shown to be based on a misinterpretation of earlier work. Bioerosion of carboxylic acids, the oxidation products of polyolefins, occurs at the surface of polyethylene and these act as nutrients for the growth of non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the absence of any other source of carbon. 

In the first case, we speak about imparting biostability to materials and, as a consequence, about passive protection. The second case concerns creation of conditions for preventive attack of a textile material on pathogenic bacteria and fungi to prevent their impact on the protected object [51]. 

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