Plant pathogenic bacteria

A. Chantano and H. J. Jenson, Saprozoic nematodes as carriers and di.s.seminators of plant pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Nematology l 2 (1969). 

Stead, D. E. Sellwood, J. E. Wilson, J. Viney, I. Evaluation of a commercial microbial identification system based on fatty acid profiles for rapid, accurate identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. /. Appl. Bacteriol. 1992, 72, 315-321. 

Ferre R, Badosa E, Feliu L, Planas M, Montesinos E, Bardaji E (2006) Inhibition of plant-pathogenic bacteria by short synthetic cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 3302-3308... 

Aizawa, S. I. (1996). Flagellar assembly in Salmonella typhimurium. Mol. Microbiol. 19, 1-5. Alfano, J., and Collmer, A. (1997). The type III (Hrp) secretion pathway of plant pathogenic bacteria trafficking hairpins, Avr proteins, and death./. Bacteriol. 179, 5655-... 

To-date, compounds reported to regulate population density dependent behaviours include N-acyl-homoserine lactones, among plant associated Proteobacteria (Eberl, 1999 Fuqua et al., 2001), a-butryolactone in the Streptomyces (Yamada and Nihira, 1998), oligopeptides in a variety of gram-positive species (Dunny and Winans, 1999 Kleerebezem and Quadri, 2001), cyclic dipeptides in some gram-negative species (Holden et al., 1999) and fatty acid and butyrolactone derivatives in the plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris and Ralstonia solanacearum (Barber et al., 1997). 

Many AB strains produce secondary metabolites that are inhibitory to plants, including phytotoxins and antibiotics, which can be considered allelopathic. Phytotoxins from fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., a diverse group of plant pathogenic bacteria abundant in the soil and rhizosphere, have been well studied (Mitchell, 1991). There are fewer reports on phytotoxins from AB and many have not been extensively studied. 

Some plant pathogenic bacteria and their phytotoxins have been screened in bioassays that monitor the effects of their toxins (antibiotic and phytotoxic) on other sensitive bacteria. For example, several fluorescent Pseudomonas syringae pvs. produce extracellular phytotoxins.76,106,116 Tabtoxin is produced by P. syringae pv. tabaci and pv. coronafacines, and this natural product inhibits glutamine synthetase.34,46,116 Phaseolotoxin, produced by P. syringae pv. phaseolicola... 

Sands, D. C Rovira, A. D. Proe. Int. Conf. Plant Pathogen. Bacteria... 

Immunofluorescence colony staining enables the specific recognition of the target colonies. Less than 100 cells of E chrysanthemi per ml can be detected in cattle slurry and potato peel extract at ratios of saprophyte to pathogen colonies > 1,000 1 Isolation of bacteria from IF-posltlve colonies can be done with a fine needle or glass capillary The method will be evaluated for other plant pathogenic bacteria ... 

In conclusion, we have developed a sensitive ECL-PCR method for Xoo detection. Compared to the traditional detection methods, this ECL-PCR is a safe, low background noise and specific technique. Due to its sensitivity and simplicity, this approach will have an enormous potential for detecting plant pathogenic bacteria. 

The idea that exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by several plant pathogenic bacteria could be involved in the pathogenic processes and or/the saprophytic or epiphytic phases of the life cycle appears to be generally accepted. Copious EPS production is often associated with increased virulence [89]. It is conceivable that the EPSs prevent bacterial elicitors of host-defence responses from reaching the plant and may inhibit deleterious adherence during infection, thus "maintaining (in both cases) a compatible interaction" [89],... 

NCPPB = National Collection Plant Pathogenic Bacteria... 

Klement, Z. Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria-, Hungary, June 11-16,1989. 

Conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid. Listed are the naturally occurring conjugates of lAA and 4-Cl-IAA from plants and plant pathogenic bacteria described to date. With the exception of the Parthenocissus spp. callus tissue, these compounds have been isolated from tissues not exposed to exogenous sources of lAA. Compounds reported prior to 1982 are discussed in a comprehensive review of lAA conjugates (ref. 2 [83]). 

The unusual cytokinins 1 -methylzeatin and its riboside, both with a methyl group instead of hydrogen atom in C -position of the side chain, were identified in the plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi and P. amygdali ([40] and references therein, [102]). These compounds have not yet been detected in plants and nothing is known about the path(s) of their formation. 

Siderophore producing bacteria have been shown to exhibit a growth promoting effect for certain higher plants (ref- 26). Two mechanisms seem to be responsible here The plant may use th iron chelates for its own purposes, and the iron deficiency in its vicinity caused by the excretion of siderophores creates an environment unfavorable for other (e.g., plant pathogenic) bacteria (refs. 27, 28). Thus far, only bacterial... 

Mechanisms which cause loss of lAA production in savastanoi offer explanations for the spontaneous non-lethal loss of virulence commonly observed in both plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Expression of virulence in such pathogens could be associated with the production of a secondary metabolite. 

Mutations by insertional inactivation are responsible for the change of phenotype in other plant pathogenic bacteria. Loss of tumorigenicity has been observed in A. tumefaciens by spontaneous insertion of an IS-element in the T-DNA. It should be recalled that Tn5 insertional inactivation of the T-DNA genes was used to isolate mutants which either were avirulent or caused formation of morphologically altered tumors on tobacco different hosts of Agrobacterium. 

Two IS-elements, IS-51 and IS-52, resident in the bacterium have been isolated and sequenced. By integration into iaaM, they are responsible for loss of lAA production and virulence in several mutants that were isolated by selection for a-methy1tryptophan resistance. Insertional inactivation of virulence genes by transposable elements similar to IS-51 and IS-52 may be the basis of the spontaneous loss of virulence commonly observed in other plant pathogenic bacteria. 

SWMSON B.T., WILKINS H.F. ajid KENNEDY B. 1979. Factors affecting ethylene production by some plant pathogenic bacteria. Plant and Soil,... 

N, N-dialkyl derivatives of indoloindoles depress the growth and development of plant pathogenic bacteria. 

From the table it is obvious that compounds XVIII, XIX, XX, XXIII depress growth and development of plant pathogenic bacteria Bacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris. It must be noted that compounds XVIII, XIX, XX, XXIII don t reveal activity towards Streptomyces allbogriseolus subsp, Aragvi zone of depression doesn t exceed 1,0 mm (see table 2). 

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