Patent assignment

Also in 1972 (6), Carbomdum researchers described a family of aromatic copolyesters which were recognized later to form Hquid crystalline melts. The polymers are based on a bisphenol monomer. In 1976, in a patent assigned to Carbomndum, a hydroxybenzoic acid—terephthaHc acid—bisphenol system, modified and softened with isophthaHc acid, was reported to be melt spinnable to produce fiber. 

In a patent assigned to Mitsubishi, air oxidation is carried out in the presence of copper salts to avoid the formation of complicating impurities in the oxidation of dihydrovitarnin to vitamin (33). In other work, high yields of vitamin were obtained by performing the oxidation in an alkaU medium (34). High purity vitamin can also be obtained by an oxidation in dimethyl sulfoxide (35). 

In a patent granted to the DuPont Company in 1946, Myers8 described the hydrolysis of nylon-6,6 with concentrated sulfuric acid which led to the crystallization of AA from the solution. HMDA was recovered from the neutralized solution by distillation. In a later patent assigned to the DuPont Company by Miller9, a process was described for hydrolyzing nylon-6,6 waste with aqueous sodium hydroxide in isopropanol at 180°C and 305 psi pressure. After distillation of die residue, HMDA was isolated, and on acidification of the aqueous phase, AA was obtained in 92% yield. 

A similar type of catalyst including a supported noble metal for regeneration was described extensively in a series of patents assigned to UOP (209-214). The catalysts were prepared by the sublimation of metal halides, especially aluminum chloride and boron trifluoride, onto an alumina carrier modified with alkali or rare earth-alkali metal ions. The noble metal was preferably deposited in an eggshell concentration profile. An earlier patent assigned to Texaco (215) describes the use of chlorinated alumina in the isobutane alkylation with higher alkenes, especially hexenes. TMPs were supposed to form via self-alkylation. Fluorinated alumina and silica samples were also tested in isobutane alkylation,... 

Patents assigned to Mobil (217) describe the use of boron trifluoride supported on several porous carriers. BF3 supported on silica was found to exhibit a slightly higher performance with added water in the alkylation of a mixed alkene feed at 273 K. It was also shown that self-alkylation activity was considerably lower than that with HF as catalyst. Another patent (218) describes the use of a pillared layered silicate, MCM-25, promoted with BF3 to give a high-quality alkylate at temperatures of about 273 K. BF3 was also supported on zeolite BEA, with adsorbed water still present (219). This composite catalyst exhibited low butene isomerization activity, which was evident from the inferior results obtained with 1-butene. At low reaction temperatures, the product quality was superior to that of HF alkylate. 

Sharp, B.L. The Conespray Nebulizer. British Technology Group, Patent Assignment No 8, 432,338. 

Under the reaction conditions described in the patents, methacrolein is always present in nonnegligible amounts, and therefore a commercial process necessitates an economical method for recycling methacrolein. The patents assigned to Asahi Chemical Industry claim the use of an organic solvent, a mixmre of decane, undecane, and dodecane, which can efficiently absorb isobutane and methacrolein from the off-gas, with 99.5% recovery efficiency. Isobutane and methacrolein are then stripped with air and recycled. 

A patent assigned to Central Glass describes the rearrangement of internal perfluoroalkenes with potassium fluoride and a crown ether in acetonitrile. For example, periluoro(4-methylpent-2-ene) (7) can rearrange to the more stable isomer perfluoro(2-methylpent-2-ene) (8) by heating for 3 hours at 40 C in acetonitrile in the presence of catalytic amounts of potassium fluoride and 18-crown-6.32... 

The first work in this area appeared in the form of two patents assigned to Union Carbide in 1969/1970 (172,173). These patents described methods of preparation of monovalent copper-containing zeolites which were claimed to be active and selective catalysts for the cyclodimerization of butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH), i.e.,... 

This is an extreme example of a clause in a patent assignment agreement which contravenes public policy and is therefore unenforceable. This principle serves as an effective restraint upon unreasonable employee invention assignment agreements. However, the courts have approved asignments of future inventions within the scope of the agreement if the time is definite and reasonable, such as for one year after termination of employment. 

The act produced rapid expansion of U.S. universities patenting and licensing activities. The number of licensing offices maintained by U.S. universities has grown from roughly 25 in 1979 to well over 200 today. The number of patents assigned to U.S. universities has more than quadrupled during that period of time. 

Another synthesis process proposed to receive benefits from operating with monolith catalysts is the conversion of methanol for gasoline production [16,17J. The catalyst used was the ZSM-5 zeolite. However, rather than binding the catalyst onto the wall by use of a washcoat, it was uniformly crystallized on the cordierite honeycomb (62 cells/cm ) wall surfaces (up to 30% by weight), similar to the method described in the patent assigned to Lachman and Patil [18]. The effects of methanol partial pressure on conversion and temperature on hydrocarbon selectivity were determined. Three regimes of mass transfer resistances are experienced in this reaction reactant transfer to the reactor walls within the monolith channels through the laminar flow, diffusion resistance at the surface between zeolite crystals on the walls, and diffusion into the zeolite molecular-size pores to the active sites within the crystals, where the reaction rate limit is anticipated. 

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